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HISTOKY OF DENTAL SURGE KY 301

for many years. It seems to be the first time that the iniiicipk' of tlie screw
was utilized in the regulation of teeth.
Gaine—of London, seems to have originated the same idea at about the
same time without any knowledge of what had been done by Dwinelle.
Tiios. AY. Evans—who returned from Paris to America on a visit in 185;}
read a paper upon "The Regulation of 'J'eetlr' before the Society of Dental
Surgeons in session at West Point, X. Y"., on Aug. 3rd.' In it he mentions
four requisites for success in regulating,
namely:— (1) Firm support : ("?) Steady and
sufficient pressure ; (3) Great delicacy of con-
struction : (4) Simple mechanism. To il-
lustrate some of his own methods of operat-
ing he describes several cases.
1. Restoring an oblique upper incisor to
its place (rotation). "Adjusting a gold band
(23k) round the center of the tooth to be
operated upon, I solder to the front of this
band and directly across it a small gold tube,
the bore of which is about tlie size of a com-
Fig 1- (W)
mon pin ; through this tube I pass a hard-
dravra wire, fitting very closely, and then attach the outer end of it(which
has a loop or eye for the purpose) to the yoke or skeleton cap upon the molar
or bicuspid teeth. Fig. (13).
For retaining the rotated tooth in position Dr. Evans constructed a flat-
tened gold bar to pass from cuspid to cuspid with deli-
cate hooks to engage with the incisal edges of the neigh-
boring incisors. The bar was ligafed to the cuspids and
the rotated tooth fastened to the liar with a silk ligature. Fig. 13
Retainer[Evans] (W)
Fig. (13).
2. Protruxinn of the front tei'tli. [n this case Dr. Evans employed a
"narrow elastic bow of gold" attached to the teeth to be operated upon by a
crib of two gold hooks. The how was bent to conform to tlie arch and at its
ends is attached, by means of spiral springs, to cribs upon the molars on
each side. See Fig. (1-f). To avoid moving the anchor teeth and to provide
firm support he swaged a thin gold plate to cover the vault and soldered it to
the molar crib anchorages.

1 Pental News Letter, Vol. VTI. p. 6H, et seq.