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296 HISTORY OF DENTAL SURGERY

that it was not advisable, but he often moved teeth into line forcibly by
means of the "pelican" (a form of key) and the forceps, and then held them
in place by ligating to the adjoining teeth.
This immediate movement of the teeth lie practiced principally in the case
of patients thirty or forty year* of age and he states that he believes tlie
inethod to be original with himself.
BouKDKT— (17o7 and 1786) carries the use of the metal strips a step
farther tlian Fauchard. Whether one or several teeth were to be moved
labially or lingually the metal band was made long enough to extend from a
molar on one side to the corresponding molar on the other side, with two

Fijj. i

holes in the band opposite eacli tooth included in the series. These holes
were for the passage of ligatures by which any or several instanding teeth
might be tied and drawn outward until tlicy touched the band. The last
two holes one each side were for ligating to the molars which served as
anchorages for the band. Two of these bands, one for the upper arch and
the other for the lower, with ligatures in position are shown in Fig. (4).
As the band was bent or curved to approximate the outline of a normal arch,
the tension of tlie ligatures on the instanding teeth and the pressure of the
metal strip upon the outstanding ones would serve to bring all into alignment.
He says: "the strips of plate ought to lie of gold, never of silver," and that the
ligatures should be removed twice each week. We have here the orisrinal
inception of the irlifjvment-arch, which after many modifications and improve-
ments is today recognized as one of tlie most valuable auxiliai'ies in orthodontic
operations.