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HISTORY OF DENTAL SURGERY >:)7

Berdmore—in the second edition (17'70) of his work upon the teeth,
devotes two chapters to reguhition. He follows the methods of Faueliard and
Bourdet in using strips of metal ligated to the teeth, and at times the forceps.
For ligating purposes he used "gold wire, or silken ligatures,'" and for an
instanding incisor he would attach a ligature to a molar, pass it over the
buccal surfaces of the intervening teeth, under the incisor and again over the
i-ciuaining teeth, attaching it finally to a molar on the opposite side. He
also filed teeth to make room for moving a malposed tooth into position.
HuxTER—in the second edition of his "Xatural History of the Human
Teetli" (1T7S), has a large drawing showing a side view of the natural teeth.
in iiormiil iiccliision. It shows distinctly the I'elation of the upjjer and lower
teeth, their overlapping, interlocking of cusps, etc. He records his emphatic;
ohjcction to the removal of deciduous teeth to make room for the permanent
ones, and advises the pressing of a misplaced tooth into normal position,
which he says, "is easy in young jjeople."
He thought that regulation should not he undertaken until all of the
liiciisiiids had fully erui)ted, and for the correction of prognathism advised the
extraction of a bicuspid on each side of the arch. In "certain cases" he
believed that the rotation of a tooth was possible.
Fox— (1803) used the long metal strip similar to that of Bourdet, but
attached to each side a gag-block of ivory or bone to rest between the upper
and liiwer teeth, and tlnis keep them ii])iivt
while instanding incisors wei'e being moved
outward into line.
Fig. (5) shows his appliance in position.
Fox is also the first writer to speak of occip-
ital resistance or anchorage by the employ-
Fig. 5
ment of a skull cap for the retruding of pro- Fox (1S03) (F)
truded teeth.
C'.\.T.\T,.w— (1814) introduced tlie princijde of the inclined plane for
moving inlockcd up])ci' inci'^orR outward into line. As then made it consisted
of a naiTow bnnd of gold or silver passing around the labial surfaces of the
lower teeth from molar to molar and secured to the latter by ligat\ires. Pieces
of heavier metal were soldered to this band and bent inward at points opposite
the instanding teeth of the u)iper arch, so that the latter in occluding would
be forceil outward. 'I'hesc metal inclines had a metal portion to rest on the