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303 HISTORY OF DEATAL SUEGEKY

Moving incisors ontward into line.—
3.
To attoniplisli this, liaving c'onstructed liis
crib anchorages, Dr. Evans soldered to one of
these a gold wire which passed around in
front of the teeth to the crib on the opposite
side. To the latter it was secured by passing
through a tube soldered to the crib and made
adjustable as to length by means of a nut
Fig. 14 operating upon the tlireaded end of the wire.
Ketrusion [Evans] (W) When in position he passed rings cut from
rubber tubing over the teeth and bow
wire, all as shown in Fig. (15).
The fourth ease described is very
similar to the third, except that in
this instance some of the teeth are
to be moved n\itward and others in-
ward into line.
Other cases described are : Ilring-
ing forward a latcrnl incisor : Protru-
sion of the ei/e-teeth; Profritsion of
Fig. 15
one or more of the lower front teeth.
Labial Movement [Evans] (W)
All of these cases, as Dr. Evans
remarks, are simply illustrative of some of the methods he employed in the
correction of irregularities. Embodying many principles that were known
and used, they nevertheless display considerable originality and adaptation
of means to an end. In its practical features it appears to be the most im-
portant paper upon the subject presented up to that time.
It will be noticed that thus far the base for the attachment of accessories
in the movement of teeth was, in nearly all cases, a metal plate or appliance
of some form which required skill to construct in order fully to adapt it to its
purposes.
In 1853, however, when the artificial induration of caoutchouc was discov-
ered by Xclson Goodyear and made a commercial success in the manufacture
of combs, buttons, etc., that material soon came to be used as a base for arti-
ficial teeth. The many valuable properties possessed by the new product,
vulcanite, quickly led to its adoption as a base or foundation for regulating
purposes.