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300 HI8T0KY OF DE^TAL SUliGEKY

absorb moisture and contract, and because ol their adaptability. Metal wire he
did not favor because it was difficult to adjust, did not contract and tlie patient
had to be seen from day to day to liave it tightened. He recommends the use
of metal bands or clasps upon the teeth to which ligatures may be conveniently
attached.
Schange also devised a form of crib which was an improvement on that of
Delabarre because of its smaller size and simplicity of
constnution. It is shown in Fig. (11). It was formed
of a single piece of wire or narrow plate bent to conforru
closely to the necks of the two or three teeth that it
surrounded, with a spur or T piece attached at some
point to rest upon the occlusal surfaces and preserve its
Fig/'"^ ]iosition. It also served a different purjjose from that
Schange 's Crib (F) of Delabarre's in that it was intended simply as an
a)ichorage for the securing of ligatures, wires or metal strips and was not
intended to interfere with occlusion.
The use of the head-gear of Fo.\ for occipital resistance in connection with
the inclined plane of Catalan for retruding the lower jaw is also advised by this
author.
Fox AND Harris— (Philadelphia, 18i6), devote much space to the causes
of irregularity and necessity for treatment, and while the plans of many
predecessors are described and generally rumniended nothing especially new
in the way of procedure is advanced.
TrcKEK— of l^oston (1816), soon after tlic introduction of elastic rubber
in sheet form, conceived the idea of using the resiliency of this substance for
the moving of teeth. Narrow strips were cut. passed around the tooth or teetli
to be moved, and their ends secured at some distant point so that constant
tension was exerted. It proved of great value, far exceeding in efficiency the
ligatures of silk or wire previously used.
Later, when elastic rublicr was manufactitred in the form of tithing, crosr;
sections were cut from it and applied as before, but with greater convenience
and security. Although in recent years this method of applying force has been
largely superseded by the elasticity of metals it still serves as a valuable acces
sorv in many cases.
Davixxelle—of Xew York, in 1849, invented the steel jack-screw for the
moving of teeth. It operated between metal liands attached to the teeth to
be moved, and ]iroved so efficient tliat it was generally adopted and employed