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264 : HISTORY OF DENTAL SURGERY
founder to have a similar one made of brass; after which a she-mold is made
of lead on the one of brass, then plates of gold, silver or platina are swaged."
Goddard, of London, in 1844 says: "I use only mineral teeth purchased
of Ash in this city, and of AVliite, Stockton, Alcnck, and Ambler in the United
States."
He uses wax for taking impressions, and gives a method of carving, mold-
ing, baking, setting and pivoting.
His book contains many plates illustrating his methods.
In "Artificial UY'dli," written liy Tomes, of London, in 1851, appears the
following
"The base for mounting artificial teeth is slieet gold or ivory. Wax for
impressions is used in a tray, and the impression is poured with plaster. In
1846 a mixture was patented, of what looked like hard sealing-wax, and this
was used for a cheap base in mounting teeth.""
Tomes gives the teclmic for gold and ivory bases, the latter can be carved
hy a patent machine which he invented, thus doing away with hand carving
and the use of pigment. He continues
'"Human teeth, ivory and mineral teeth are used, and in full cases atmos-
pheric pressure is ado]ited.
''For attaching teeth to plates, pins are soldered to the plates and the teeth
cemented on, or the end of the pin is headed down.
"The new form of spiral springs has a double ciirvc, and they are used
when a full upjjcr and lower denture is required.
"Bands, around teeth, which arc soldered or riveted to plates are quite use-
ful."
Fox and Harris, of the United States and London, in 185.5, say: "Artificial
teeth are commonly made of hippopotamus tusk. Still of late years they have
lieen made of porcelain, and they are fastened to adjoining teeth with ligatures
of silk, Indian weed (silk-worm gut), gold wire, or gold springs.
"Human teeth are set on natural roots with a pivot of gold wire, and nat-
ural teeth are fixed to a gold l)ase, or base of ivory.
"The perfection in which porcelain teeth have been manufactured during
the last ten years, especially in the United States, has secured for them a de-
cided perference, and one establishment there lias sold about $25,000 worth
annually. These teeth are used in Great Britain, France, and other foreign
countries. Still many porcelain teeth are made in London by Mr. Ash.
"As a general rule, the roots of the superior incisors and cuspidati are the
only ones capable of affording a firm support to pivot teeth.
"Plates of gold can lie fastened to natural teeth with clasps.
264 : HISTORY OF DENTAL SURGERY
founder to have a similar one made of brass; after which a she-mold is made
of lead on the one of brass, then plates of gold, silver or platina are swaged."
Goddard, of London, in 1844 says: "I use only mineral teeth purchased
of Ash in this city, and of AVliite, Stockton, Alcnck, and Ambler in the United
States."
He uses wax for taking impressions, and gives a method of carving, mold-
ing, baking, setting and pivoting.
His book contains many plates illustrating his methods.
In "Artificial UY'dli," written liy Tomes, of London, in 1851, appears the
following
"The base for mounting artificial teeth is slieet gold or ivory. Wax for
impressions is used in a tray, and the impression is poured with plaster. In
1846 a mixture was patented, of what looked like hard sealing-wax, and this
was used for a cheap base in mounting teeth.""
Tomes gives the teclmic for gold and ivory bases, the latter can be carved
hy a patent machine which he invented, thus doing away with hand carving
and the use of pigment. He continues
'"Human teeth, ivory and mineral teeth are used, and in full cases atmos-
pheric pressure is ado]ited.
''For attaching teeth to plates, pins are soldered to the plates and the teeth
cemented on, or the end of the pin is headed down.
"The new form of spiral springs has a double ciirvc, and they are used
when a full upjjcr and lower denture is required.
"Bands, around teeth, which arc soldered or riveted to plates are quite use-
ful."
Fox and Harris, of the United States and London, in 185.5, say: "Artificial
teeth are commonly made of hippopotamus tusk. Still of late years they have
lieen made of porcelain, and they are fastened to adjoining teeth with ligatures
of silk, Indian weed (silk-worm gut), gold wire, or gold springs.
"Human teeth are set on natural roots with a pivot of gold wire, and nat-
ural teeth are fixed to a gold l)ase, or base of ivory.
"The perfection in which porcelain teeth have been manufactured during
the last ten years, especially in the United States, has secured for them a de-
cided perference, and one establishment there lias sold about $25,000 worth
annually. These teeth are used in Great Britain, France, and other foreign
countries. Still many porcelain teeth are made in London by Mr. Ash.
"As a general rule, the roots of the superior incisors and cuspidati are the
only ones capable of affording a firm support to pivot teeth.
"Plates of gold can lie fastened to natural teeth with clasps.
