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REVIEW OF DENTISTRY. 309

view caused some controversies between Dr. Tobiesen and C. j.
Brinck, a watchmaker by trade, who also practiced dentistry.
Dr. Tobiesen considered Brinck a quack, who, without right or
authority, interfered with his profession, his view being that
dentistry was a specialty of the medical art. Brinck came out
victorious, his right to practice dentistry being confirmed, in
1852, by a royal decree. Several of the most prominent dentists
now practicing in Norway have acquired their first instructions
in dentistry from Brinck, who died in 1893.
The Department of the Interior rules (March 13, 1854,) in a
communication to the Governor of Stavanger, in a case of illegal
practice of dentistry against a watchmaker of Stavanger: . . .
" it may be considered as decided that anybody is entitled to per-
form any work needed for inserting artificial teeth, except such
where medical knowledge is required; and no special license is
necessary in performing such work when limited by said restric-
tions."
The exclusion of Dentistry from the medical examination had
already before this time, viz.: October 5, 1847, been proclaimed
by the City Court of Christiania.
The restrictions alluded to in the above-cited communication
of March 13, 1854, refer to a royal resolution of November 16,
1852, which reads:
1. " Persons who desire to practice dentistry shall be given an
opportunity to prove their knowledge of and proficiency in the
art by submitting to a special examination, said examination to
be held in Christiania, at any time, before a committee consisting
of two university professors and one dentist, one who has passed
an examination preferred.
2. " The Department of the Interior is directed to present
propositions regarding regulations and requirements for this ex-
amination."
The first person to receive a license to practice dentistry after
having submitted proofs to authorities for this purpose appointed
was Conrad Schive, and the time, 1834, May 3. Schive later, in
i860, passed an examination, according to the ordinance of Sep-

tember 9, 1857.
Christian Hoeg, formerly a watchmaker, received, in 1842, a
license to practice in the city of Bergen, having submitted him-
self to some kind of practical examination.
u ly 2 4> Johan E. Berg was authorized to practice
In 1847, J