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312 world's history and

There exists no dental school, especially devoted to the
science of dentistry. No dental journal is published in Portugal.
We have not been able to learn the exact number of dentists in
Portugal, but are informed that the profession, quantitatively, is
pretty fairly represented.

ROUMANIA.

Area, 48,307 square miles. Population, 5,500,000.
Capital, Bucharest; population, 221,805.
The following paper by Dr. Paul Macarovici, of Jassy, was
read at the World's Columbian Dental Congress in Chicago, in
1893:
"On the State of the Art of Dentistry and of Dentists in
roumania.

" On my return to my country from abroad in 1882, I was pos-
sessed of a desire to become acquainted with whatever contribu-
tions to the art and practice of dentistry had appeared in the
language of Roumania. I perused the Progresid Medical Roman
for a period of three years, finding almost nothing. Equally
futile were my researches in the library of Jassy.
" I made a request of the editor of the journal Spitalul, that he
refer me to every publication upon dental art and practice with
which he might be acquainted in the Roumanian language. Dr.
Vasilesan replied that he had been unable to find anything bear-
ing on the subject of dentistry in the literature of Roumania.

" Being convinced that a dental society for the purpose of
mutual interchange of ideas would do much to awaken among us

an interest which had become dormant in the study of our art, I
took the initiative in the establishment of such an association.
" On the third of April, 1890, my efforts were rewarded in the
assemblage of the dentists of Jassy in the hall of the University,
and the founding of the Chirurgico-Dental Association*. The
articles for the government and conduct of this association were
drawn up with the greatest care, having specially in view to
attract every dentist who was filled with love for his profession,
as may be seen from Article 2, as follows:
"
Art. 2. The association is founded for the purpose of further-
* " Societatea Chirurgiea-Dentistica."