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308 world's history and

landsch Tandheelkundig Genootschap (24 members), and Neder-
landsche Tandmeestersvereinigung (founded 1893).
No regular dental school exists in the Netherlands. In
Utrecht there is a dental clinic, as a department of the University
of Utrecht, originally only intended for medical students, but
now many dental students also make use of it. The clinic is
given three times a week, by Dr. Dentz, M. D., with the aid of
one assistant. No Mechanical Dentistry is taught, only extraction
and some filling of teeth. Dr. Dentz also gives lectures to the
dental students in the theoretical course required for the dental
examination.
No dental journal is published in Holland.
The difficulty of acquiring the knowledge necessary for the
dental examination in Holland causes many students to go
abroad, especially to Germany England and United States, for
their dental education.

NORWAY.

(kingdom.)
Area, 123,205 square miles. Population, 1,199,176.
Capital, Christiania; population, 157,000.
" If any one who is not a regular physician snould have
acquired special proficiency or extraordinary knowledge in some
part or another of the medical art, or in the curing of some dis-
ease or another, he may, after having proved himself to possess
such proficiency, by the testimony of the Governor and a physi-
cian, expect to receive through the Chancelly a license to practice,
but only in the district where he lives, and his right to prescribe
medicine shall be limited within the parts in which he has proved
himself proficient."
This Danish ordinance, of September 5, 1794, should also be
applied to the status of dentistry in Norway, that country at that
time being a dependency of Denmark. In 1839 a physician, Dr.
E. A. Tobiesen, established himself as a dentist, having for some
time studied dentistry in Paris, France, but without having passed
any dental examination in Norway. It thus seems that the
dental art was considered a branch of the medical art. This