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EXTRACTION OF TEETH. 359
neck of the tooth, up to the border of the alveolus
this is quite sufficient, if the tooth is not too much
decayed. With the forceps already described (see
Fig. 61), grasp the tooth firmly at the border of the
alveolus ; introduce the instrument slowly, adjusting
it carefully, as it passes up to the proper position
then, by a gradual movement, rotate the tooth in the
socket, thus breaking up the attachment. All the
cylindrical, single-root teeth may be luxated by a
rotary motion. There are occasional circumstances,
however, that render this somewhat difficult,—as, for
instance, any considerable curvature of the root; or,
sometimes, the attachment to the outer plate of the
alveolus is so firm that it can not be broken up by
rotary motion. Neither of these difficulties is usual
with the lateral incisors ; but, with the centrals, one
or other of them is not unfrequent. When either of
them does occur, the attachment must be broken up
by an inward and outward movement, which, on
account of the pressure made on the parts, is at-
tended with much more pain, and far greater danger
to the contiguous parts, than the loosening by rotary
motion.
The roots of the incisors are not difficult to remove,
unless, being very much decayed, they will not sus-
tain the embrace of the forceps below the border of
the alveolus ; and when they are thus decayed, one
EXTRACTION OF TEETH. 359
neck of the tooth, up to the border of the alveolus
this is quite sufficient, if the tooth is not too much
decayed. With the forceps already described (see
Fig. 61), grasp the tooth firmly at the border of the
alveolus ; introduce the instrument slowly, adjusting
it carefully, as it passes up to the proper position
then, by a gradual movement, rotate the tooth in the
socket, thus breaking up the attachment. All the
cylindrical, single-root teeth may be luxated by a
rotary motion. There are occasional circumstances,
however, that render this somewhat difficult,—as, for
instance, any considerable curvature of the root; or,
sometimes, the attachment to the outer plate of the
alveolus is so firm that it can not be broken up by
rotary motion. Neither of these difficulties is usual
with the lateral incisors ; but, with the centrals, one
or other of them is not unfrequent. When either of
them does occur, the attachment must be broken up
by an inward and outward movement, which, on
account of the pressure made on the parts, is at-
tended with much more pain, and far greater danger
to the contiguous parts, than the loosening by rotary
motion.
The roots of the incisors are not difficult to remove,
unless, being very much decayed, they will not sus-
tain the embrace of the forceps below the border of
the alveolus ; and when they are thus decayed, one
