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354 EXTRACTION OF TEETH.

the latter is of the same form as that of the ordinary
straight root forceps, with the shaft of the screw at-
tached in the joint. In some, the screw is attached
with a spring and ratchet, so that it can be drawn
out, seized between the beaks, and introduced into

Fig. 81.

the root; and then these are slipped on the root,
which they embrace and remove. In others, the
screw is fixed ; but the movable screw is to be pre-

ferred. (Fig. 81.) An arm attached by a joint, and
bearing a pad, to rest as a fulcrum on the other teeth,
is sometimes attached to the shaft of the screw ; but
this is objectionable because of its liability to impede
the action of the instrument, and also to injure the
adjoining teeth.

GUM-LANCET.

Of the various forms of the gum-lancet, the most
common is that with the round point, and with the
blade from two to four lines wide, and from half an

inch to an inch long, attached to a shaft and handle
the whole being about six inches in length. The in-
strument should have a keen edge on the sides, two