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OPENING CHAMBERS AND CANALS 223

patient, through the absorption of toxic products into the
system by way of. the lymphatics and blood streams in the

tissues of the apical space. (See Figs. 264, 265, 266, 267,
268 and 269.) A full discussion of this phase of the subject
is deferred until a subsequent chapter. However, it is deemed

wise to mention it here, in order that the importance of a
thorough realization of the bearing of the operation on
general health conditions may be at once clearly perceived.
Pulpless teeth with anomalous roots impossible to properly
treat and fill should be extracted without hesitation. Teeth

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Fig. 264.— mperfectly Fig. 265.—Canals not opened and
opened or unfilled canals in filled in the mesial root of the lower
the upper central and lateral molar.
incisors.

affected with incurable pathologic disturbances in the canals
or apical space should be unhesitatingly removed. The
possibility of the existence of an excessive number of roots,
as well as concealed root canals, should constantly be borne
in mind, and redoubled care exercised in an attempt to dis-

cover an opening. It should also be remembered that the
majority of roots exhibit more than one apical foramen,
oftentimes many minute accessory canals in the apical third,
or even in the mid-root being present. These are, in the

present state of development of our technical skill, impossible