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278 HISTOEY OF DENTAL SUBGERY
the pins, and the backings are portions of the deposited metals and continuous
with the plate. This process is also applicable for partial sets, and for com-
bination with vulcanite or celluloitl. It can be used for capping crowns, or
making cusps, or for removable bridge-work.
In August, 1851, A. Hill, D. I>. 8., read a pajier before the American
Society of Dental Surgeons, in wliieh he said
"Some nine years ago I conceived the possibility of depositing metallic
plates upon plaster, but did little aliout it until two years ago.
"I prepared my cast in the usual way with plaster, then used a small copper
wire, to serve as a connection with the battery, which ran diagonally through
the cast. The next thing was to render the plaster cast a non-absorl)ent. For
this purpose I found that a solution of gun-cotton in ether would answer.
After this is spread over the cast with a brush and allowed to dry, I draw a
line with a lead pencil around such parts of the cast as I wish to have cov-
ered with the plate : now take a caniel's hair pencil and lay over a thin coat
of sizing, and upon the sizing lay the gold or silver foil, then let it dry, and it
is ready for the battery. In place of foil I sometimes use lu'onze or copper on
the model as a basis. After the plate has acquired sufficient thickness, it is
removed from the model, cleaned, and then immersed so as to receive a de-
posit on both sides. I cannot doubt that the time will come, and that too
before long, when in our large cities the dentist will have nothing to do to-
wards preparing a plate, but to nuike his cast and draw around it the line
for the borders of the i)late, and leave it with the electro-plater."
Time has shown that this process cannot 1)e carried out with facility and
economy sufficient to supersede swaging metal plates.
Collodion as a base for artificial teeth was patented in England by John
Mackintosh in 1859, and an improvement was made by Dr. J. A. McClelland
of Louisville, Ky., in 1860, and he named the material "rose pearl." It was
used by many dentists in the west and south, but after a few years it was dis-
continued owing to its defects.
The first practical knowledge we had of celluloid was in 18G'.) when
1. Smith Hyatt took out a patent and organized the Newark Celluloid Man-
ufacturing Company. It is composed of pyroxylin, camphor, oxid of zinc,
and Vermillion and is a mechanical mixture. It is hard, tough, and elastic,
a fair non-conductor of heat and electricity, and becomes plastic at 250 to
300° so that it can be molded. That for dental use is about the color of the
palate, and it is molded on a pilaster cast, or on hollow shells of metal. The
flask, containing the teeth, is put into a tank of oil or glycerine; heat is ap-
278 HISTOEY OF DENTAL SUBGERY
the pins, and the backings are portions of the deposited metals and continuous
with the plate. This process is also applicable for partial sets, and for com-
bination with vulcanite or celluloitl. It can be used for capping crowns, or
making cusps, or for removable bridge-work.
In August, 1851, A. Hill, D. I>. 8., read a pajier before the American
Society of Dental Surgeons, in wliieh he said
"Some nine years ago I conceived the possibility of depositing metallic
plates upon plaster, but did little aliout it until two years ago.
"I prepared my cast in the usual way with plaster, then used a small copper
wire, to serve as a connection with the battery, which ran diagonally through
the cast. The next thing was to render the plaster cast a non-absorl)ent. For
this purpose I found that a solution of gun-cotton in ether would answer.
After this is spread over the cast with a brush and allowed to dry, I draw a
line with a lead pencil around such parts of the cast as I wish to have cov-
ered with the plate : now take a caniel's hair pencil and lay over a thin coat
of sizing, and upon the sizing lay the gold or silver foil, then let it dry, and it
is ready for the battery. In place of foil I sometimes use lu'onze or copper on
the model as a basis. After the plate has acquired sufficient thickness, it is
removed from the model, cleaned, and then immersed so as to receive a de-
posit on both sides. I cannot doubt that the time will come, and that too
before long, when in our large cities the dentist will have nothing to do to-
wards preparing a plate, but to nuike his cast and draw around it the line
for the borders of the i)late, and leave it with the electro-plater."
Time has shown that this process cannot 1)e carried out with facility and
economy sufficient to supersede swaging metal plates.
Collodion as a base for artificial teeth was patented in England by John
Mackintosh in 1859, and an improvement was made by Dr. J. A. McClelland
of Louisville, Ky., in 1860, and he named the material "rose pearl." It was
used by many dentists in the west and south, but after a few years it was dis-
continued owing to its defects.
The first practical knowledge we had of celluloid was in 18G'.) when
1. Smith Hyatt took out a patent and organized the Newark Celluloid Man-
ufacturing Company. It is composed of pyroxylin, camphor, oxid of zinc,
and Vermillion and is a mechanical mixture. It is hard, tough, and elastic,
a fair non-conductor of heat and electricity, and becomes plastic at 250 to
300° so that it can be molded. That for dental use is about the color of the
palate, and it is molded on a pilaster cast, or on hollow shells of metal. The
flask, containing the teeth, is put into a tank of oil or glycerine; heat is ap-
