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27G HISTORY OF DENTAL SURC4ERY

uum by drilling holes through the plate; soldering on lugs; punching loops
with a special instrument ; or stippling the plate with a slender engraver ; then
attach the teeth with vulcanite. Dr. P. 0. C. Hunt, in 1859, was the first one
to solder loops to plates and attach teeth with vulcanite.
Years afterward S. D. Engle obtained a patent on the same pi'ocess.
Dr. A. S. Richmond devised a method of securing attachment of tlie vege-
table plastics to the base plate as follows: "Punch holes in the plate with a spe-
cial punch ; thev are especially useful in lower plates, where the holes are
punched in a row on the outside and inside one-eighth of an inch from the
margin."
The Dr. J. AV. Hollingsworth method was as follows: "Perforate the ridge
of the j^late at intervals, then pass through these perforations, from the inner
surface of the plate, headed pins made of aluminum, which after replacing the
plate with the pins back upon the die we shrink down to permanency with a hol-
low punch: tlie riveting process forms seriate plus which may be bent or flat
Icned to suit the case."'
The cheoplastic metal for upper or lower dentures was used in 1855 and
patented by Dr. A. A. Blandy in 1850, together with certain processes used
in the construction of plates. He says: "In no case now, under any circum-
stances, has the skillful application of cheoplasty been attended with any
other than complete success. This metal resists oxydation under ordinary cir-
cumstances, and is free from galvanic influences and metallic taste. Where
there is loss of tissues, restoration can easily be made. The price of an ofltice
right is one hundred dollars, and my process is secured by four patents. All
licenses must be signed by A. A. Blandy and J. Wheelwright, and the holdei-
of a license must have it recorded in tlie Patent Ot^ice within three months
after purchase." Then follows testimonials from distinguished dentists such
as Thomas E. Bond, Philip H. Austen, 'William H. Dwindle, Edward Maynard
and Chapin A. Harris. A committee of the Western Dental Society, at St.
Louis in 1857, reported favoraltly on "Cheoplasty," which would have come into
general use but for the advent of vulcanite. Dr. Blandy's departure from the
ITnited States in 186"? and the failure of tlie supply of his metal led to its dis-
use, but much later on Wood. Watt. AVeston and AVhite produced a tin alloy
wliich was essentiallv the same as Blandv's. which was silver, bismuth and anti-
Tuonv. AA'att and Weston made special flasks for this kind of work.
Dr. G. F. Reese devised an alloy of gold, silver and tin, which is manipu-
Inted liv a special method for dentures in a special flask.
Dr. TST. W. "Kincrslev used a cast metal of tin. sixteen parts, bismuth, one
Professor Charles J. Essig used for upper and partial dentures, tin,
part.