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BONES. 49
Disease of the soft parts often changes the shape of bones, particu-
larly in the young. Aggravated tonsillitis in childhood will, if chronic
and accompanied by hyper-
trophy, cause the roof of the Fig 13.
moutii to take an inverted
V-form (Fig. 13). If the
patient has suffered from the
disease on one side only, that
side will be pulled down.
This is due to the extra ten-
sion of the palato-glossus and
palato-pharyngeus muscles.
Tims the palatal processes of
the superior maxillae and pal-
ate bones are prevented from
forming the normal dome-
shape roof of the mouth, and
the vomer is directed or
pushed from its proper posi-
tion ; becoming crooked or
lacking space to occupy its Inijierfectly and Ill-developect Upper Jaw.
normal position, it is de-
flected or pushed forward, thus forming an unduly large nose. By
proper treatment at an early period, many such deformities can be
avoided. Tumors of the maxillary sinus may change the shape of one
or more of the surfaces of the superior maxilla, and an aneurism or
other soft tumor constantly pressing against a bone will cause its
absorption.
In describing bones, the following terms will be used :
Proximal, the end or surface of a bone next to the centre of the body.
Didal, the end or surface that is farthest away from the centre.
Head. If the extremity forms a single rounded prominence, it is
called the head.
Condyles. If there are a pair of prominences, they are called con-
dyles, though this name is applied to the single articular eminence of
the occipital bone and of the lower jaw.
Neck is that portion which is constricted just below a head, condyle,
or other articular eminence.
Process is an elevation, projection, or prominence on a bone.
Spinous Process, a narrow and tapering prominence or elevation on
a bone.
Tubercle or a Tuberosity, an obtuse prominence.
Line, Ridge, or Crest, an elevation extending some distance along the
surface of a bone, a prominent border.
Foramen (plural Foramina), an aperture in a bone or between several
bones.
Canal or Meatus, a prolongation of a foramen for some distance in
the bone.
Fossa (plural Fossce), a broad, shallow depression.
Sinus, a cavity with a small external communication.
4
Disease of the soft parts often changes the shape of bones, particu-
larly in the young. Aggravated tonsillitis in childhood will, if chronic
and accompanied by hyper-
trophy, cause the roof of the Fig 13.
moutii to take an inverted
V-form (Fig. 13). If the
patient has suffered from the
disease on one side only, that
side will be pulled down.
This is due to the extra ten-
sion of the palato-glossus and
palato-pharyngeus muscles.
Tims the palatal processes of
the superior maxillae and pal-
ate bones are prevented from
forming the normal dome-
shape roof of the mouth, and
the vomer is directed or
pushed from its proper posi-
tion ; becoming crooked or
lacking space to occupy its Inijierfectly and Ill-developect Upper Jaw.
normal position, it is de-
flected or pushed forward, thus forming an unduly large nose. By
proper treatment at an early period, many such deformities can be
avoided. Tumors of the maxillary sinus may change the shape of one
or more of the surfaces of the superior maxilla, and an aneurism or
other soft tumor constantly pressing against a bone will cause its
absorption.
In describing bones, the following terms will be used :
Proximal, the end or surface of a bone next to the centre of the body.
Didal, the end or surface that is farthest away from the centre.
Head. If the extremity forms a single rounded prominence, it is
called the head.
Condyles. If there are a pair of prominences, they are called con-
dyles, though this name is applied to the single articular eminence of
the occipital bone and of the lower jaw.
Neck is that portion which is constricted just below a head, condyle,
or other articular eminence.
Process is an elevation, projection, or prominence on a bone.
Spinous Process, a narrow and tapering prominence or elevation on
a bone.
Tubercle or a Tuberosity, an obtuse prominence.
Line, Ridge, or Crest, an elevation extending some distance along the
surface of a bone, a prominent border.
Foramen (plural Foramina), an aperture in a bone or between several
bones.
Canal or Meatus, a prolongation of a foramen for some distance in
the bone.
Fossa (plural Fossce), a broad, shallow depression.
Sinus, a cavity with a small external communication.
4
