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158 ANATOMY. ;

mylo-hyoid ridge of the lower jaw, the outer sheaths of these muscles
being a continuation of this fascia.
A study of the arrangement and attachments of the fascia described
above will show that abscesses forming in certain regions or between
certain fascia can burrow into other regions. For instance, an abscess
forming between a and 6 would be likely to burrow toward the media-
stinum, or an abscess immediately in front of the spine and beneath the
fascia b would probably pass downward to the posterior mediastinum,
or laterally toward the posterior triangle, or even into the axilla, etc.
The Beep Fascia of the head is divided into three well-defined por-
tions : («) the occipito-frontalis aponeurosis, (6) the right, and (c) the
left temporal fascia. The first extends between the occipital and fron-
talis muscles, and is attached laterally to the temporal ridge. The tem-
poral fasciae extend over the temporal muscles, being attached above to
the temporal ridges and below to the zygomas.
Abscesses forming under the occipito-frontalis aponeurosis generally
burrow backward to a V-shaped interspace near the external occipital
protuberance, while those beneath the temporal fascia will burrow down-
ward under the zygomas into the zygomatic fossae.
57?e Beejj Fascia of the Face, like the superficial, is indistinctly
developed. Its place, however, is supplied by an abundant quantity
of areolar connective tissue distributed through, and intricately asso-
ciated with, the muscular tissue, though it does not form a distinct
covering or fascia for the face, nor is it developed sufficiently to com-
pose sheaths to the muscles. It is lax, and readily allows the diifasion
of infiltrations, thus accounting for the sudden and marked swelling of
the face during certain inflammatory affections.
This areolar tissue holds within itself a quantity of cushion-like
masses of connective tissue which are prominent in the following
localities : the hollow of the cheek ; between the zygomatic and bucci-
nator muscles ; at the lower margin of the orbit, particularly where the
orbicularis palpebrarum overlaps the elevators of the upper lip
beneath the muscles elevating the upper lip above the oral angle ; at
the groove where the facial artery passes over the inferior maxillary
bone ; and beneath the depressors of the lower lip.
As the skin of the face is thin and vascular, scars from plastic opera-
tions and other causes are comparatively inconspicuous. Prof. Allen in
his work on Hitman Anatomy observes that a very different result fol-
lows extensive cicatrization of the deeper parts : here the connective
tissue is abundantly present, and, as seen after ulceration from mercurial
sore mouth or after destructive stomatitis from any cause, serves to con-
vert the cheeks into false ligaments holding the jaws close together.
A very marked case of this kind presented itself at the Hospital of
Oral Surgery, Philadelphia, in 1883.^

Tendons.
The tendons, with but few exceptions, are made up of bundles of
white fibrous connective tissue bound together by fasciculi from the
' See Garretson's Oral Suryery.