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156 ANATOMY.

pass the tendons of muscles, good illustrations of these being found in
the trochlear of the superior oblique muscle of the eye and the pulley
for the passage of the intermuscular tendon of the digastric muscle.
A thorough knowledge of this fascia will materially assist in the diag-
nosis of deep tumors and in prognosticating the direction, course, or route
likely to be taken by morbid fluids and growths from one point to another.
Fascia of the Neck, Face, and Head.—The superficial fascia of the
face and anterior portion of the neck is so slightly developed, and so
intimately blended with the adjoining parts, that it is not recognized as
a separate tissue. Its thickness varies inversely to the development
of the platysma myoides and facial muscles, the one seeming to take
the place of the other. That portion of the fascia of the head situated
between the aponeurosis of the occipito-frontalis muscle and the integu-
ment is dense and firm, and by its fibres unites the skin, the fascia, and
the aponeurosis closely together. This union is so intimate that the
structures are difficult to separate in dissection. Between the layers of
the fascia as it extends over the temporal aponeurosis are situated the
muscles which move the external ear, as well as the superficial temporal
vessels and nerves. It is continuous behind with the superficial fascia
of the back part of the neck.
The Deep Cervical Fascia anteriorly is a dense structure, having a
somewhat complex arrangement, and is of great importance from a
surgical point of view : it limits to a certain degree the growth of cervical
tumors and abscesses and modifies their direction and their extent.
Deep-seated abscesses often follow the course of the fiiscia, though occa-
sionally these as well as tumors penetrate or stretch this membrane in
their growth and adopt a course of their own. The deep cervical fascia
is divided into two portions, superficial and deep, the superficial form-
ing a complete covering for the neck, enclosing every structure belonging
to it except the skin, the superficial fascia, the platysma myoides muscle,
and some superficial veins and nerves. In the anterior portion of the
neck it passes forward from the upper surface of the trapezius muscle
as it passes under the platysma, to the posterior border of the sterno-
cleido-mastoid muscle, where it divides into two lamellae—one, the super-
ficial, passing over, and the other, the deep, passing under, the muscle.
At the internal ])()rder of the sterno-cleido-mastoideus it again reunites,
thus fi>rniiug a sheath for the entire muscle: from this point it passes
forward to the median line and joins its fellow of the opposite side.
Its attachment above anteriorly commences at the symphysis of the
lower jaw, passing backward along the base of the bone to the parotid
region, where it divides into two laminae, the deep layer jiassing beneath
the parotid ghind to be inserted into the base of the skull. The stylo-
maxillary ligament is developed from this leaflet of fiiscia. The upper
layer passes over the parotid gland and masseter muscle, forming their
upper covering. Laterally, above, the fascia is attached to the zygo-
matic arch, from which it extends backward along the zygoma to the
posterior root, thence to the mastoid process of the temporal bone and
the superior curved line of the occipital bone, to which it is also
attached. The inferior attachment of this fascia is to the clavicle, near
which it is pierced for the passage of the external jugular vein on its