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erinary surgeons, assistant druggists, and midwives, who were in
actual practice, in accordance with existing regulations, before
the present enactment, are accorded the rights heretofore en-
joyed.
Article LXI. The prefects must publish annually, in the
month of January, a list of those practicing professions in the
province and transmit the same to the Minister of the Interior.
This was not deemed sufficient to raise the standard of dent-
istry, and the succeeding year brought forth the decree which is
now in force, as follows:
By Royal Decree, April 24, 1890—Law 6850, Third Series
" the possession of a diploma in medicine and surgery is made
obligatory, before the practice of dentistry can be entered upon."
The same decree establishes that the teaching of dentistry
shall be in the surgical institutes of the Kingdom, which can
exhibit the necessary means and the presence of persons com-
petent, to do such teaching, according to the latest progress in
the specialty. The nomination of the teacher must be made
according to the existing rules for conferring the charge, or,
eventually, for extra professors, according to the decision of the
Superior Council.
Those who have commenced the study of dentistry, prior to
the publication of this decree, may finish their studies and obtain
the relative diploma, according to the pre-existing laws. Dent-
ists and phlebotomists having commenced their studies prior to
this decree will be permitted to practice their profession under
Article LX. of the law passed October 9, 1889.
The Sanitary and Hygie?iic Review of March 1, 1891, published
the following note, directed to the Minister of Public Instruction,
in regard to the application of the Royal decree passed April 24,
1890, on the practice of dentistry in the kingdom:

The Royal decree, passed April 24, 1890, demands, for the
practice of dentistry, a diploma in Medicine and Surgery. But
from this it must not be inferred that all those holding said di-
plomas are permitted to practice. Physicians and surgeons may
not practice dentistry unless they have taken a special course in
the specialty.
This constitutes the literal translation of all the laws which
have existed in Italy relating to dentistry, with the exception of
a Royal decree, passed October 20, 1876, naming the sum of
30 lire as the examination fee.