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246 world's history and

d. The final dental examination before the professor of the
Surgical Clinic, the professor of the Dental Art, and one legally
authorized dentist, appointed by the Faculty, the last named to
decide regarding the prosthetic and technical specimens of the
candidates.
The first instructor in dentistry (as named in section i) is
Matti Ayrapaa, M. D., "Docent" of Odontology at the Univer-
sity of Helsingfors.
The first persons to practice dentistry in Finland were (accord-
ing to Dr. S. C. Bensow, in Skandinaviska Tandlakare-Foreningens
Tidskrift, June, 1892,) the Swede, Erik Leonard Fougelberg, who
seems to have visited here in 1849, an ^ with certainty in 1850.
Fougelberg might have arrived somewhat earlier than the Ger-
man Heinz, who was practicing in Finland at that time. In 1850
the Swedish dentist, Carl Huselius, made his appearance. He
practiced here until 1856, when he returned to Sweden.
The first legally authorized or registered dentist in Finland
was S. C. Bensow, still practicing at Helsingfors. The date of his
registration is November 16, 1852. Next on the register is Th.
Weber, who registered November 7, 1873. Both Bensow and
Weber had graduated in Sweden.
About the year 1857, two dentists, Verhein, from Germany,
and Mallan, from Russia, arrived. Mallan soon left for other
parts, but Verhein stayed until 1866 or 1867, when he returned to
Germany.
In 1865 the Swedish dentist Tornquist was practicing in Fin-
land.
The first person to pass a dental examination in Finland was
registered December 21, 1889.
Finska Tandlakaresallskapet (the Finnish Dental Society) is
the only dental society for Finland proper. It was founded April

16, 1892, in Helsingfors. Its charter members were: Messrs.
Becher, Bensow, Chryscinicz, Olander, Wasenius, Weber, West-
phal and Ayrapaa, of Helsingfors; Cederberg, of Vasa; Liljeblad,
of Wiborg, and Widenas, of Abo.
Skandinaviska Tandlakare Foreningen (Scandinavian Dental
Society) consists of dentists from Sweden, Norway, Denmark

and Finland. The membership was, March 1, 1893, 136, viz.:
From Sweden 43, Norway 41, Denmark 35, Finland 17.
The number of dentists in Finland was, when the last report
was received, about thirty.