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368 EXTRACTION OF TEETH.

the screw for the removal of these roots. The

greatest difficulty is experienced when the bifurca-
tion is deep, and the roots all adhere firmly together.
In such case, the same force is required for their
removal as before the crown was decayed off. The
root forceps, shown in Fig. 65, can be very effect-
ively used in the extraction of these roots. The
round, sharp beak is passed between the buccal roots,
the other beak embracing the palatal ; and with this
hold, by an inward and outward movement, the root
is removed. These forceps are not applicable where

there is but one large conical root. For the removal
of roots of this form, the wisdom-tooth forceps, or
those with similar beaks, are required. When it is
necessary to dissect off the gum, and cut away the
process, in order to obtain a firm hold of the root, this
should be done in preference to crushing in the pro-
cess with forceps—except, indeed, it may be the case
of a very irritable patient, who will not tolerate a pro-
tracted operation ; in which case, it is better to com-
plete the operation at a single effort.

REMOVAL OF THE SUPERIOR DENTES SAPIENTLE.
There is not usually much difficulty attending the
extraction of these teeth. The appropriate forceps

for this purpose (see Figs. 66 and 71) have two large