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GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS AND PHRASES. 299

"Onetwo-tiikee. " "1-2-3." A local antiseptic composed of oil of cassia, 1
part, carbolic aciil (melted crystals) 2 parts, oil of wiiitergreen, 3 parts. The oila
should be mixed and the melted crystals of carbolic acid added.
Operative dentistry. Those operations upon the natural teeth and the soft
parts connected with tliem that are usually performed by the dentist for their con-
servation, or cure of disease. It includes the employment of such drugs or remedial
agents as may be necessary.
Oral. Pertaining to the mouth, as Oral Surgery.
Order names, of instruments. A name given to any group of instruments vphich
designates their use, as excavators, pluggers, etc.
Ordinaries, as applied to cutting instruments. The usual hatchets and hoes
used by dentists in excavating cavities.
Orthodontia. The moving of malposed teeth to correct positions. The art of
regulating the position of malposed teeth.
Osmosis. The act of the passage of soluble salts through animal membranes.
Osteoblasts. The cells which form bone.
Osteoclasts. The giant cells which effect the absorption and removal of bone.
Outline form. In cavity preparation; the form of the area of tooth surface
included in the prepared cavity.
Outward inclination. Said of cavity walls when they diverge from each other
In approaching the surface of the tooth.
Packer. See Plugger.
Palatal. Pertaining to or directed toward the palate. "Palatal surfaces of
the teeth." Obsolete.
Palm-and-thumb grasp. The instrument shaft is grasped in the palm of the
hand and the working point brought into opposition to the thumb as a counteracting
force. Used in positions in which an instrument can be applied to one side or portion
of a tooth, or other object, while the thumb of the same hand is rested upon it, or
upon adjacent teeth. See Figure 29, Vol. 2.
Palm thrust grasp. The end of the instrument handle is placed in the hollow
of the palm of the hand and grasped by the fingers. Used for making a powerful
thrust. See Figure 30, Vol. 2.
Pen grasp. A grasp of dental instruments closely resembling the usual grasp
of a pen used in writing. In the use of dental instruments the pulps of the thumb,
first and second fingers should be on the instrument shaft. See Figure 26, Vol. 2.
Pericementum. The membrane covering the cementum of the roots of teeth.
See Peridental Membrane.
Peridental membrane. The membrane surrounding the root of a tooth and
forming its attachment to the walls of its alveolus. It is composed of fibers which
Among
are built into the cementum on the one side and into the bone on the other.
these fibers there is an abundant network of blood vessels, nerves and cellular ele-
ments.
Periosteal bone. Bone laid down by the osteoblasts of the periosteum as dis-
tingushed from Haversian systems bone.
Permanent teeth. The teeth of adult age as distinguished from the temporary,
or deciduous teeth.
Permanent teeth, childhood period op. The period from the first appearance
of the permanent teeth until their roots are fully completed, except the third molars.
See Figure 187, Vol. 1.