Page 65 - My FlipBook
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FLASKING, VULCANIZING AND FINISHING. 53
This substance is the S, and the union of tliese forms HS,
which is well known to us by its odor. When this union
has taken place a chemical change has been accomplished,
a new substance has been produced, the gas escapes; the
remainder, the product of the distillation, contains less H
tlian the raw rubber, and on cooling, like pitch, it becomes
a harder substance by its containing more C than before.
" leads me to the following
My hypothesis, therefore,
conclusion :
" The hardening, or so-called vulcanizing, of rubber is
the changing of caoutchouc into a resin-resembling sub-
stance by the process of dry distillation, and, namely,
by the removal of one equivalent of H. The addition of S
serves only as a base, wdiich is indifferent toward C, but
unites with H by virtue of a strong chemical affinity ex-
isting betw^een H and S, which forms a new compound,
HS, Avhich escapes as a gas."
Appliances Used.—The apparatus in wdiich the rubber
(prepared and fiasked as has been directed) is hardened
by the action of heat is knowai as a vulcanizer. It consists
of a copper boiler wdth a screw top, having connected with
it a steam gauge or thermometer for regulating the amount
of steam necessary to vulcanize the rubber ; the steam gauge
is no doubt the safest and most reliable. It is also supplied
with a safety-valve or blow-off, to allow the escape of steam
and prevent explosion wdien, from negligence, it should
become over-heated. There are numerous forms of vulcan-
izers upon the market ; the one knowai as the Mann vulcan-
izer is shown in Fig. 26.
This vulcanizer is given, ready for use, in Fig. 26. Its
E
simplicity is shown in Fig. 27. indicates the collar of
the bowl, slotted to form a bayonet joint for locking pin of
jacket collar; F, the guide pin for its lid; G, the slot for the
FLASKING, VULCANIZING AND FINISHING. 53
This substance is the S, and the union of tliese forms HS,
which is well known to us by its odor. When this union
has taken place a chemical change has been accomplished,
a new substance has been produced, the gas escapes; the
remainder, the product of the distillation, contains less H
tlian the raw rubber, and on cooling, like pitch, it becomes
a harder substance by its containing more C than before.
" leads me to the following
My hypothesis, therefore,
conclusion :
" The hardening, or so-called vulcanizing, of rubber is
the changing of caoutchouc into a resin-resembling sub-
stance by the process of dry distillation, and, namely,
by the removal of one equivalent of H. The addition of S
serves only as a base, wdiich is indifferent toward C, but
unites with H by virtue of a strong chemical affinity ex-
isting betw^een H and S, which forms a new compound,
HS, Avhich escapes as a gas."
Appliances Used.—The apparatus in wdiich the rubber
(prepared and fiasked as has been directed) is hardened
by the action of heat is knowai as a vulcanizer. It consists
of a copper boiler wdth a screw top, having connected with
it a steam gauge or thermometer for regulating the amount
of steam necessary to vulcanize the rubber ; the steam gauge
is no doubt the safest and most reliable. It is also supplied
with a safety-valve or blow-off, to allow the escape of steam
and prevent explosion wdien, from negligence, it should
become over-heated. There are numerous forms of vulcan-
izers upon the market ; the one knowai as the Mann vulcan-
izer is shown in Fig. 26.
This vulcanizer is given, ready for use, in Fig. 26. Its
E
simplicity is shown in Fig. 27. indicates the collar of
the bowl, slotted to form a bayonet joint for locking pin of
jacket collar; F, the guide pin for its lid; G, the slot for the
