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48 HISTORY OP DENTAL SURGERY

these have themselves paid dearly for what cost them little or nothing, inas-
nuich as the gold they employed was nothing else but leaves of tin or lead
which they have stained yellow, to look like gold, with a tincture of saffron
or 'gunimi gutte," over which alcohol or l)randy has been poured and which
has been placed on warm ashes. As that cheat could not be long concealed

lustniment used ancl Method. Elevators used for Kxtraction.
of tieing-in loose teeth ^ith
Gold Wire.
they have used tin or lead, upon each leaf of which had been applied a leaf
of gold, and they have then called this an all gold filling."
In using lead he describes three thicknesses, "one as thick as paper, the
ether a little thinner and the third a little thinner still." This is to be cut in
"small strips, longer or shorter, broader or narrower, according to the size
of the cavity, and it is to be preferred that a filling might be constructed by
the use of only one strip if possible, as a filling composed of several strips would
not remain in position as firmly or as long." He gives a detailed account
of the position of a patient and operator and of the instrumentation. And
he remarks that if the tooth is sensitive "the lead must be placed in gently,
and it mav be sufficient to so introduce it that it will remain, and in a