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288 HISTOEY OF DENTAL SUEGERY

REPLACEABLE CROWN AND BRIDGE WORK.
In 1883 Dr. J. E. Dexter showed his bridge with caps to fit the piers;
there is a slit in one side of each cap, thus producing a spring grip.
In 1886 Dr. E. Walter Starr showed an example of the telescoping fixed
cap and cover crown.
Dr. Richmond seems to have originated the roof-shaped root end, which
with its roof plate and tube for the post of the roof conforming crown, consti-
tutes the ])resent preferred anchorage for oral span removable bridges.
In 1887 Dr. J. L. Davenport made fixed capped and tubed cuspids.
In 1888 Dr. E. Walter Starr made a successful Eichmond saddle denture.
In 1888 Dr. George Evans made cap crown piers having gingival stops to
limit the thrust of the telescoping collars.
In 1889 Dr. H. A. Parr made a removable saddle secured by boxed lugs
and sockets to the piers.
In 1890 Dr. H. A. Parr made a vulcanite saddle span, over fixed bars be-
tween cap-crowned piers.
In 1891 Dr. C. L. Alexander made cap crown piers carrying dovetails for
like sockets in the laterally three-substitute bridge, and also boxed backings
for facings to be fixed liy bending down the pins and filling the boxes witfi
amalgam, also, in 1895, close conforming substitutes having partial clasps
hung on posts or screws in the lingual parts of live piers.
In 1897 Dr. E. A. Bryant made a porcelain open face crown, guide and
clasp.
In 1899 Dr. C. W. Stainton made "open position bridges," the spans of
which are cuspid stringers coupling the cap crowns.
In 1900 Dr. J. Leon Williams made a Eichmond bridge, the substitutes of
«liich arc constructed with the new slotted teeth.
In 1903 Dr. G. W. Schwartz made metal stringers between collar capped
pier posts.
In 1901 Dr. A. W. Wimmer made cap crowned piers, telescoping cover-
crowns.
In 1902 Dr. Joseph Head made a stop, clasp, and one and two substitute
saddle, of the baked body and porcelain gum class.
In 1903 Dr. C. F. Bliven made a one substitute with stops and clasps for
live piers.