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144 : HISTOIIY OF DENTAL SURGERY

all of the usual ilental operations and laboratory work by clinical tests upon patients
furnished for the purpose. These tests shall consist of:
Operative Dentistry. 1. The examination and recording of condition of mouth
and teeth. 2. Preparation of cavities with hand and engine instruments. 3. In-
strumentation and technique. 4. Preparation and manipulation of filling materials.
5 Insertion of fillings. 6. Treatment and filling of root canals and preparation
of root for pivot crown. 7. Manipulative technique in removal of calcareous deposits.
8. Application of rubber ilam, metallic separators, matrices, etc. 9. Diagnosis, prog-
nosis and treatment of oral diseases. 10. Care and sterilization of instruments and
hands.
Prosthetic Dentistri/. 1. Impressions of plaster of paris and modeling com-
pound, casts, bite and articulation. 2. Construction of a denture in vulcanite.
3. Construction of die and counter die from model to completion ; carving the en-
dentulous model from a block of plaster of paris. 4. Construction of swaged plate,
with metal and rubber attachments, also two shell crowns (bicuspiil and molar) and
one Richmond crown. 5. Construction of interdental splints (Gunning and Kiugsley).
An average of geventy-five per cent was required in each subject for the
theoretical, and eiglity-five jier cent for the practical examination.
This plan was approved by the surgeon-general and rigidly carried out by
the lioard. The results of these examinations were as follows:
Number of candidates invited to take the examinations, Sfi. Declined to appear, 6.
Failed to appear, 10. Total number examined, 70. Found qualified and approved, 19,
or 27 1-7 per cent. Physically disqualified, 8, or 11 3-7 per cent. FviUy examined and
rejected, 3 or 4 2-7 per cent. Failed in theoretical examination, 7, or 10 per cent.
Withdrew before completing the theoretical examination, 33, or 47JA per cent. Average
age of approved candidates, 27i/> years. Number appointed by the surgeon-general
without examination by the board, as provided for in the law, .5. Total number of
dental surgeons in the ariny at the close of the session of the board, July 31, 1901,
incliidiug the examining and supervising board, 27.
The sessions of the board were not again resumed, but later in the season
the individual members conducted separate examinations in San Francisco
and Manila.
The following is a complete list of the members of tlie corjjs and their
first stations
Name. St.vtion.
John S. Marshall, Illinois The Presidio of San Francisco, C'al., U. S.
Robert T. Oliver, Indiana Manila, Philippine Islands
Robert W. ilorgan, Virginia Havana, Cuba
Siebert D. Boark, West Virginia Philippine Islands
Clarence E. Lauderdale, New York Philippine Islands
Franklin F. Wing, Montana Philippine Islands
George L. Mason, Massachusetts Philippine Islands