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128 HISTORY OF DENTAL SUKGERY :

themselves easily understood when speaking or writing upon any subject. The
debate which followed was in support of tlie propositions advanced.
In the "Cosmos" for 1905 appears an article by Dr. John E. Graves, of
Amsterdam, Holland, read liefore the Fourth International Dental Congress
held at St. Louis, Mo., in 1904. It is devotedto "a classification of the
various forms of occlusion of the 'teeth,"' witli tlie nomenclature involved.
In tills, quotations are nmde from Garabclli's nomenclature used in Vienna,
in 1814: Stcrnfeld's, used in 1891, and also Iszlay's "Nomenclature for the
Fonns of Mal-Occlusion,"' published from 1881 to 1891. The autlior urged
the present needs of a definite general nomenclature in the science of ortho-
dontia.
There was also read before this congress a report of the committee on
nomenclature, presented by its chairman. Dr. A. H. Thompson, of Topeka,
Kan. In it great credit was given to the report of the committee on this
subject submitted to the congress at the World's Columbian Exposition—
which "undoubtedly exercised a great influence on tlie profession, and stimu-
lated the appreciation of the necessity for formulating a better nomen-
clature, and interested students in the investigation of the subject. We may
even hope that it assisted at the birth of a conscience on the subject, and
that writers and speakers have perhaps better than ever before realized
their responsibility to the profession and to the public, for their influence
in tlie use and presentation of a proper terminology."
One of the recommendations urged by this committee was "that a spirit
of loyalty should pervade the profession that is sufficient to sink all prefer-
ences that are not in harmony with an acknowledged authority, and to accept
their rulings, to the end of securing uniformity." There was also submitted
as a part of this report, a work on "Prosthetic Nomenclature" written by
Dr. George H. Wilson, of Cleveland, Ohio. Professor Dr. Hesse, of Leipzig,
Germany, recommended the international use of a numljer of names of
Latin designations in dental anatomy, and Dr. William T. Reeves, of Chi-
cago, a number of expressions especially applicable to porcelain work.
At this congress the following resolution was adopted
Resolved, That an international committee be appointed by tlie Federation Dentaire
Internationale upon international nomenclature and the preparation of a list of profes-
sional terms which shall be interchangeable and translatable into English. German,
French and Spanish; such committee to report at the Fifth International Dental Con-
gress.
While dental nomenclature, in common with living languages, has not