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800 ORTHODONTIA AS AN OPERATIVE PROCEDURE.

latter I fnrinorly ivccoiupHshod by })r('ssiii(;' tlic wi'dj^e-shaped instrument
or the inner beak of a suitably formed ibreeps up aloii<>; the liniijual sur-
face of the tooth until the crown was forced outward sutliciently to be
firmly grasped. It was then brought gradually out into place."
Another and better plan was by the use of forceps specially made
for the purpose, shown in Fig. 828.
Following is a description of an o|)crati()n by Dr. l>ryan, at the
World's Columbian Dental Congress in Chicago, August, 189.3, from
the report of the Committee on Clinics : ' " The patient, a fifteen-year-
old girl, had a right upper lateral incisor locked behind the lower
incisors with sufficient space between the upper central and canine for
immediate regulation. Cocain was injected and a perpendicular incision
was made with a small circular saw through the gum and half through
the alveolar septum on both sides of the root of the lateral from the
apex of the root to the crown of the tooth. A three-inch flat steel
guard, lined on the gum side with rubber ^^g- of an inch thick, was
fitted to the curve of the gum and formed a rest for the long, round
front beak of the forceps ; the other beak rested against the distal wall
of the lateral up to the gum. With slight pressure the connection of
the tooth with the distal alveolar wall was severed, and the tooth came

Fig. 829.

Immediate movement of bicuspid (Cunningham).
easily forward to its place in the arch in front of the lower teeth, bring-
ing with it the front wall of the alveolus, firmly attached to the root
and ready to heal quickly and reunite with the neighboring borders of
alveolus. The apex of the root was not disturbed in its position, so that
the nerve and vessels would remain intact, as will always be the case
if the operation is correctly and carefully performed."
Moving- Several Teeth by the Immediate Method.—Dr. Geo.
Cunningham of Cambridge, England, began the use of this method in
^ Transactions, vol. ii. p. 997.