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MOVING THE ROOTS OF TEETH. 795

to also move the roots of these teeth ; the method of performing that
operation is described in the following section.

Moving the Roots of Teeth.
In the foregoing methods of moving the teeth the apex of the root
remains stationary and the crown swings from that point like a pen-
dulum. In most cases that is the only movement necessary, in
others it is the only movement possible, yet in many cases it is very
undesirable.
The first published appliance for moving the apices of the roots of
teeth was that described bv Dr. J. N. Farrar.' (See Figs. 815 to 818.)

Fig. 815. Fk;. 816.

Fio. 817. Fig. 818.

-^^-^

The central incisors were separated as shown in Fig. 815, the roots
being parallel. In drawing them together by a clamp band (/>) the
teeth tilted toward each other until they touched at
Fig. 819.
the mesio-incisal angles (/, Fig. 816). Up to this time
the apices of the roots were practically the fixed points,
and the alveolar process between the roots was con-
densed and absorbed as the teeth moved. As soon
as the crowns touched eadi other at tlio mesio-incisal
Incisor guide.
angles these became the fixed points, and, as the power
was still continued at the necks of the teeth, the roots began to move
' Dental Cosmos^, vol. xxiv. p. 190.