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THE VARIATIONS OF TOOTH FORMS. 51
incisor with the prominent cingule on the lingnal-buccal ridge, making
a notch which recalls the incisors of the moles ; the prominent cingule
on the lingual face of the lateral incisor, which is not uncommon and
recalls the form found in the insectivora and some of the quadrumana
the extra-long, curved canine, Avith extra-large median ridges, which
recalls the large forms of this tooth in the baboons and in the car-
nivora ; the double root sometimes found in this tooth is also a re-
version to the insectivorous type ; the three-rooted bicuspid is a quad-
rumanous reversion ; the upper tricuspid molar is a primitive typal
form, leading back to the lemurs and beyond them to the early typal
mammals found in fossil formations ; the notched and grooved incisor
recalls the divided incisor of the Galeojuthecus ; the double-rooted lower
incisors and canines recall insectivorous forms ; the unicuspid lower
first bicuspid is an insectivorous type and is often quite marked in man
;
the fifth cusp on the lower second molar is a quadrumanous rever-
sion ; the wrinkled surface of the, lower third molar is like that of the
orang.
There are other features that might be named illustrating the work-
ings of the law of atavism, by which parts once lost in evolution may
reappear and be reproduced.
(3) Under the third head, temperamental impress, may be noticed
those differences of form and structure which have relation to the domi-
nant temperament in the constitution of the individual. Great differ-
ences exist between the teeth of different persons, and these are mainly
dictated by temperament.
The teeth of the primary basal temperaments present the following
physical peculiarities, which are characteristic of the particular tempera-
ment :
The BILIOUS TEMPERAMENT presents teeth that are of a strong
yellow ; large, long, and angular, often with transverse lines of forma-
tion, without brilliancy, transparency, and of but slight translucency
firm and close set and well locked in articulation.
The SANGUINE TEMPERAMENT has teeth that are symmetrical and
well proportioned, with curved or rounded outlines, and round cusps
;
cream color, inclined to yellow, rather brilliant and translucent ; well
set, and occlusion firm.
The NERVOUS TEMPERAMENT has teeth Avhich are rather long, the
cutting edges and cusps long and fine ; color pearl-blue or grav, very
transparent at the apex ; the occlusion very penetrating.
The LYMPHATIC TEMPERAMENT presents teeth that are pallid or
opaque, dull or muddy in coloring ; large, broad, ill-shaped, cusps low
and rounded ; the occlusion lose and flat.
Of the binary combin((fions -
THE VARIATIONS OF TOOTH FORMS. 51
incisor with the prominent cingule on the lingnal-buccal ridge, making
a notch which recalls the incisors of the moles ; the prominent cingule
on the lingual face of the lateral incisor, which is not uncommon and
recalls the form found in the insectivora and some of the quadrumana
the extra-long, curved canine, Avith extra-large median ridges, which
recalls the large forms of this tooth in the baboons and in the car-
nivora ; the double root sometimes found in this tooth is also a re-
version to the insectivorous type ; the three-rooted bicuspid is a quad-
rumanous reversion ; the upper tricuspid molar is a primitive typal
form, leading back to the lemurs and beyond them to the early typal
mammals found in fossil formations ; the notched and grooved incisor
recalls the divided incisor of the Galeojuthecus ; the double-rooted lower
incisors and canines recall insectivorous forms ; the unicuspid lower
first bicuspid is an insectivorous type and is often quite marked in man
;
the fifth cusp on the lower second molar is a quadrumanous rever-
sion ; the wrinkled surface of the, lower third molar is like that of the
orang.
There are other features that might be named illustrating the work-
ings of the law of atavism, by which parts once lost in evolution may
reappear and be reproduced.
(3) Under the third head, temperamental impress, may be noticed
those differences of form and structure which have relation to the domi-
nant temperament in the constitution of the individual. Great differ-
ences exist between the teeth of different persons, and these are mainly
dictated by temperament.
The teeth of the primary basal temperaments present the following
physical peculiarities, which are characteristic of the particular tempera-
ment :
The BILIOUS TEMPERAMENT presents teeth that are of a strong
yellow ; large, long, and angular, often with transverse lines of forma-
tion, without brilliancy, transparency, and of but slight translucency
firm and close set and well locked in articulation.
The SANGUINE TEMPERAMENT has teeth that are symmetrical and
well proportioned, with curved or rounded outlines, and round cusps
;
cream color, inclined to yellow, rather brilliant and translucent ; well
set, and occlusion firm.
The NERVOUS TEMPERAMENT has teeth Avhich are rather long, the
cutting edges and cusps long and fine ; color pearl-blue or grav, very
transparent at the apex ; the occlusion very penetrating.
The LYMPHATIC TEMPERAMENT presents teeth that are pallid or
opaque, dull or muddy in coloring ; large, broad, ill-shaped, cusps low
and rounded ; the occlusion lose and flat.
Of the binary combin((fions -
