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THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. — 323
in a vertical (slightly forward) direction on the median side ot" the
internal jugular vein, and between it and the internal carotid artery,
to a level with the lower nuirgin of the digastric nuiscle. It here, in
the snperior carotid triangle of the neck, becomes snperficial, and curves
around and under the occipital artery near its origin. It then passes
forward over the external carotid artery, above the hyoid bone, beneath
the tendon of the digastric and the lower portion of the stylo-hyoid,
and betAveen the mylo-hyoid and the hyo-glossus muscles, terminating
by dividing into branches in the genio-glossus muscle.
TABLE OF THE BRANCHES OF THE HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE.
To the ganglion of the trunk of the
pneumogastric nerve.
To the superior cervical ganglion of
Branches of com-
the sympathetic.
niunicatioii.
To the loop between the first and second
cervical nerves;.
The Hypoglossal ok
Twelfth Crakial [ To the gustatory nerves.
Nerve. f Descendens noni nerve.
To thyro-hyoid nerve.
I To genio-hyoid nerve.
Branches of dis-
j To stylo-glossus muscle.
tribution.
To hyo-glossus muscle. •
I
I To genio-hyo-glossus muscle.
[ To the intrinsic nuiscles of the tonjiue.
The branches of connnunication of this nerve as tabulated above are
1. ^^ ith the pneumogastric nerve, which passes between the interior
ganglion of that nerve and the hypoglossal nerve immediately after it
leaves the skull. There is also a communicating branch which passes
between these two nerves near to the point where they cross the occipital
artery.
2. With the sympathetic system by a filament of considerable size,
which passes between the superior cervical ganglion of that system and
the hypoglossal nerve.
3. AMth the first and second cervical nerves, which pass between the
loop connecting these two nerves, the spinal nerves, and the hypoglossal
nerve together.
4. Two or three branches of conununication with the gustatory
nerve, which pass between the hypoglossal nerve and the gustatory or
lingual branch of the fifth nerve in the region of the anterior border
of the hyo-glossus muscle.
The branches of distribution of the hypoglossal nerve are the
Recurrent, Branches to the tongue,
Descending thyro-hyoid, Genio-hyoid.
The Recvrrcntr>ranch arises from the hypoglossal nerve within the
anterior condyloid foramen. It passes into the brain-case, nnd is dis-
tributed to the dura mater and walls of the vascular sinus close to the
foramen magnum. It is also distributed to the diploe of the occipital
bone (Luschka).
The Descendinr/ or Descendens Noni Branch is a long, slender fila-
ment which arises from the hyjioglossal nerve as it curves under the
occipital arterv. From this ])()int it descends the neck, at first in front
of the internal carotid artery, either within the common sheath with
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. — 323
in a vertical (slightly forward) direction on the median side ot" the
internal jugular vein, and between it and the internal carotid artery,
to a level with the lower nuirgin of the digastric nuiscle. It here, in
the snperior carotid triangle of the neck, becomes snperficial, and curves
around and under the occipital artery near its origin. It then passes
forward over the external carotid artery, above the hyoid bone, beneath
the tendon of the digastric and the lower portion of the stylo-hyoid,
and betAveen the mylo-hyoid and the hyo-glossus muscles, terminating
by dividing into branches in the genio-glossus muscle.
TABLE OF THE BRANCHES OF THE HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE.
To the ganglion of the trunk of the
pneumogastric nerve.
To the superior cervical ganglion of
Branches of com-
the sympathetic.
niunicatioii.
To the loop between the first and second
cervical nerves;.
The Hypoglossal ok
Twelfth Crakial [ To the gustatory nerves.
Nerve. f Descendens noni nerve.
To thyro-hyoid nerve.
I To genio-hyoid nerve.
Branches of dis-
j To stylo-glossus muscle.
tribution.
To hyo-glossus muscle. •
I
I To genio-hyo-glossus muscle.
[ To the intrinsic nuiscles of the tonjiue.
The branches of connnunication of this nerve as tabulated above are
1. ^^ ith the pneumogastric nerve, which passes between the interior
ganglion of that nerve and the hypoglossal nerve immediately after it
leaves the skull. There is also a communicating branch which passes
between these two nerves near to the point where they cross the occipital
artery.
2. With the sympathetic system by a filament of considerable size,
which passes between the superior cervical ganglion of that system and
the hypoglossal nerve.
3. AMth the first and second cervical nerves, which pass between the
loop connecting these two nerves, the spinal nerves, and the hypoglossal
nerve together.
4. Two or three branches of conununication with the gustatory
nerve, which pass between the hypoglossal nerve and the gustatory or
lingual branch of the fifth nerve in the region of the anterior border
of the hyo-glossus muscle.
The branches of distribution of the hypoglossal nerve are the
Recurrent, Branches to the tongue,
Descending thyro-hyoid, Genio-hyoid.
The Recvrrcntr>ranch arises from the hypoglossal nerve within the
anterior condyloid foramen. It passes into the brain-case, nnd is dis-
tributed to the dura mater and walls of the vascular sinus close to the
foramen magnum. It is also distributed to the diploe of the occipital
bone (Luschka).
The Descendinr/ or Descendens Noni Branch is a long, slender fila-
ment which arises from the hyjioglossal nerve as it curves under the
occipital arterv. From this ])()int it descends the neck, at first in front
of the internal carotid artery, either within the common sheath with
