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320 ANATOMY.

that filaments from both the right and the left pneumogastric nerve pass
to the right and left lungs.
The Q^fiophageal Bra)icJies arise from the pneumogastric nerve, both
above and below its pulmonary branches. Those which arise below are
the larger and spring from the oesophageal plexus. The nerves from
the right and left side interlace quite freely, and are distributed to the
muscular tissue and mucous membrane of the lower third of the
oesophagus.
The Abdotiunal or Terminal Bra)H-he,s of the right and left sides
differ in their distribution. Those of the left side enter the abdominal
cavity upon the anterior surfiice of the oesophagus, and when opposite
the cardiac orifice of the stomach divide into numerous branches.
These branches are distributed to the muscular tissue of the walls of
the stomach and to the mucous membrane of its anterior portion, lesser
curvature, and great cul-de-sac, interlacing with branches of the right
nerve and the sympathetic system. There are also branches (hepatic)
which pass from the lesser curvature of the stomach, between the folds
of the gastro-hepatic omentum, reach the transverse fissure of the liver,
to be distributed to the hepatic substance.
The abdominal branches of the right side enter the abdomen on the
posterior surface of the cesophagus. On reaching the stomach they
break up into branches, some of which are distributed to the muscular
tissue and mucous membrane of its posterior portion, interlacing with
branches from the left nerves ; while others pass to the liver, spleen, kid-
neys, suprarenal capsules, and to the whole of the small intestine, and
communicate with the solar plexus.
Spinal Accessory Nerve.

The spinal accessory or eleventh nerve (the third trunk of the eighth
nerve according to the arrangement of Willis) (Fig. 154) is a motor
nerve, which is se])arated into two divisions. The first division controls
the action of the sterno-cleido-mastoid and part of the trapezius muscle;
the second division, after uniting with the pneumogastric nerve, supplies
motor filaments to muscles, and, as was demonstrated by Bischoff in
1832, presides over phonation. This fact was also proved by Bernard.
A TABLE OF TIIP: BRANCHES OF THE SPINAL ACCESSORY NERVE.
Branches to the pharyngeal plexus.
"
" superior laryngeal nerve.
"
" recurrent laryngeal nerve
Accessory portion, (thus su])plving the muscles ol' pliona-
|
tioni.
Thk Spinal Accks- Brancli to the sterno-niastoid muscle.
"
soRY OR Elkv- " trapezius muscle.
ENTH CkANIAL, Branch to the stcrno-nuistoid muscle.
"
Nerve. " trapezius muscle.
First cervical nerve.
I
Spinal portion,
Communicating | Second cervical nerve.
l)ranches to I Third cervical nerve.
[ Fourth cervical nerve.
The name " spinal accessory." was given to this nerve by reason of
its relations with the pneumogastric nerve, and also because of its origin,