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BLOOD-VESSEL SYSTEM OF THE HEAD, ETC. 233

ganglion of Gasser of the fifth pair of nerves, and passes throngh the
hiatns Fallopii to anastomose with the stylo-mastoid branch of the pos-
terior anricular artery. It also anastomoses with branches of the
ophthalmic artery.
The Small 3Ieningeal Artery is a branch often arising from the
great or middle meningeal artery before it enters the brain-case. In
some instances it arises from the upper part of the internal maxillary
artery, and passes into the brain-case through the oval foramen in the
great wing of the sphenoid bone. Before entering the brain-case its
branches supply the nasal fossa and soft palate. After passing into the
cavity of the skull it supplies the dura mater, bones and diploe of the
middle fossse, and the ganglion of the fifth pair of nerves.
The Iriferio)' Dental Artery arises from the under part of the
internal maxillary. It passes downward and forward between the
internal lateral ligament and the neck of the lower jaw to the posterior
or inferior dental foramen, through which it passes, accompanied by the
inferior dental nerve, into the interior dental canal. Traversing this, it
terminates at the anterior or mental foramen in two divisions, known as
the incisor and mental branches. A small twig is given off close to its
origin (sometimes arising from the internal maxillary), and, with the
lingual nerve, is distributed to the mucous membrane of the mouth.
TJie Mylo-hyokl Branch is given off from the inferior dental artery
immediately before entering the posterior dental foramen. It descends
into the mylo-hyoid groove with the nerve and vessels of the same
name, and is distributed to the under surface of the mylo-hyoid muscle.
The portion of the inferior dental artery within the canal gives off
numerous small branches to supj^ly the teeth and their surroundings.
The Incisor Branch is a continuation of the inferior dental artery,
and passes forward within the cancellated structure of the bone to sup-
ply the region of the chin and the anterior teeth.
2'he Mental Branch passes out through the anterior dental or men-
tal foramen, accompanied by the nerve of the same name, and supplies
the soft parts in the region of the chin, finally anastomosing with
branches of the facial artery.

ARTERIES OF THE SECOND DIVISION.
The Deep Temporal Branches of the internal maxillary are two in
number, anterior and posterior.
The Deep Anterior Temporal is situated in the anterior portion of the
temporal fossa, advancing up^\ard and forward along the temporo-sphe-
noidal suture between the muscles and pericranium, its course being
indicated by the groove in the bone. In its ascent twigs are given oft'
to the temporal muscle, the bone, and occasionally to the di])loe. Small
branchlets anastomose with the other temporal arteries. Oft'shoots also
pass forward through the small foramina in the malar bone to anasto-
mose with the lachrymal branch of the ophthalmic artery.
The Deep) Posterior Temporal passes upAvard and slightly backward,
to be distributed to the deep portion of the temporal muscle, the peri-
cranium, and occasionally the diploe.