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THE EiGirri:i:\Tii c/.xrik) 315

dt'iitist riionias BtMclniorc rulicuKil ir In phiciiiu ir in tlu' .s;mu- ilass as
charms, exorcisms, and orlur toolish and supcrsTirioiis nuans ot cure'
Adam Anton Brlnm r. One ot" tlic most disTintruisluil (Itrman
dentists in the second lialt ot the eiirhteenth centiir\ was Adam Anton
I^runner. His two principal works are the I ntrodiicti'Di to tlir science
necessary for a dentist,- and the Treatise on the eruption of the milk teeth."
This author falls into various errors with regard to deciduous teeth.
According to him they are twentx-tour m numher, and without roots;
hut these ma\' develop in those milk teeth which in exceptional cases
remain in their places alter the period in which the\ generalh are shed.
A milk tooth, sa\ s Brunner, ought never to he extracted unless there
he manifest signs ot the presence of the corresponding permanent tooth,
or when it is painful and decayed. Badh' grown teeth can often he put
in order solelv by the pressure of the hngers frequenth' repeated, hut when
this is not sufficient, one must have recourse to waxed threads or to special
contrivances.
In apphing a pivot tooth, he screws the pivot to the artificial crown
and perforates the root canal onlv just sufHcientl\- to admit the other
extremity, w^hich he drives in h\ little strokes of a hammer upon the
crown, without its being necessary to use cement. We learn from this
author that in his time there were turners and other craftsmen who
occupied themselves with dental prosthesis.'
Brunner prefers gold for fillings to an\' other substance whatever.
|. G. Pasch, whose name we have alread\ mentioned, relates the
case of a young maidservant becoming suddenly affected with deafness,
and w^ho recovered her hearing completely on the eruption of one of her
wisdom teeth. From a passage of this author's we learn that at that
time many had recourse to the crushing of the infraorbital nerve as a
cure for certain cases of toothache. He, however, decidedl}' rejects
such a remedy, as it proves for the most part ineffectual and may, besides,
produce very serious consequences. This author carried out many
experiments as to the effects of acids on the teeth.'
C. A. Grabner'' recommends not deceiving children by extracting
their teeth unexpectedh , but rather to persuade them of the necessity ot
the operation; for b\ deceiving them one loses their confidence, and in
many cases inspires them with an invincible aversion to the dentist.
This author invented a so-called "calendar of dentition," tor the

' Th. Berdmore, A treatise on the disorders and deformities of the teeth and gums, London,
1768.
- Einleitung zur nothigeri Wissenschaft eines Zahnar/.tes, Wien, 1766.
* Abhandlung von der Hervorbrechlung der Milch/ahne, Wien, 1771.
' Cleist-Jacot^i, p. 166.
* Linderer, vol. ii, p. 431.
J.
* Gedanken iiber das Hervorkommen und Wechseln der Ziihne, 1768.