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THE KIC,UTi:i:\TH CI-.M'LR) 313
therein sjiecialh speaks ot a complete deimiK.- wiili tmii spiiiius, pcr-
fecth' adapted to rlie purpose of mastication. I he authoi attrihutes
the merit of its invention to Masskz, who had imagined it towanl 1772.
If we ma\' judge, however, by what Joseph Linderer sa\s,' tliis denture
appears to have been too comphcated, even when c()m|iared with those
described b\ Fauchard.
Lamorikr and Rlssi:l, contemi^oraries of Jourdain, also stuched the
diseases of the maxinar\' sinus, and published in tlie Mi'moncs Jr r /1 1 ml,'-
inw de Chinirgif, \o\. iv, several important cases of poK jii and other
diseases of the antrum. Lamorier is not in favor of the Cowper-Drake
operation. He recommends perforating the antrum immediatelv above
the first molars, or rather between it and the malar bone. In this he
seems to have been influenced b\' the considerations that the wall ot the
cavity here presents the least thickness, and that this is the most dependent
part of the sinus. But he did not alwa\s deem it necessary to make a
perforation here, when a fistulous opening had previously formed in some
other place. His method of operating is as follows: The jaws being closed,
the angle of the mouth is drawn outward and slightly upward with a curved
instrument called b\' the author a speculum; this done, the gum is incised
below the molar apophysis and the bone laid bare, and then pierced
with a spear-pointed punch. The opening is afterward enlarged if found
necessar\'.
Several contributions to the knowledge of the diseases of the maxillary
sinus and their treatment were made about this time by Beaupreau,
Dubertrand, Caumont, Dupont, Chastanet, Doublet, David, and
especially by Thomas Bordenave, who published an important work on
this subject, collecting a great number of clinical cases of great interest.
Speaking of the Cowper-Drake operation, he expresses the opinion that
the tooth to be extracted is not the same in all cases, for if some one of
the teeth situated below the maxillary sinus should either show signs of
decay or be the seat of persistent pain, the choice should fall upon that
one. If, however, these teeth are all apparentl\- sound, the one should be
chosen that, under percussion, is most sensible to pain. In those cases
in which the choice is altogether free, Bordenave prefers the extraction of
the first large molar, for the double reason that it is generally situated in
correspondence to the central part of the cavity, and that it is separated
from the antrum by a very thin osseous lamina. In certain cases, the
maxillary sinus is divided, b\ body lamella-, into various cavities, and
then, as one easily understands, it ma\- be necessar\ to extract more than
one tooth for the evacuation of the pathological contents. W hen the
teeth situated below^ the antrum have fallen out, or have been extracted

^ Die Zahnheilkiincif, Erlangen, 1S51, p. 39S.