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282 OPERATIVE DENTISTRY

of aqua dest. Sterilize by boiling and put in bottle double corked
to be ready for use when needed.
Stale solutions of novocain and suprarenin should not be used.
It should be mixed fresh for each operation. It should not come in
contact with anything but the boiling cup and the syringe and
should not be left longer than necessary in either of these.
Care of Novocain Tablets. The tablets should not be touched
with the hands and should be kept in a bottle, rubber-stoppered.
The solution should be as clear as water and discarded as soon as
it shows a light pink color.

Fig. 151.—A very clear and easy case with the needle in the best position for the
mandibular injection.
Surface anesthesia is anesthesia produced by topical application.
The method is of advantage upon mucous membranes, as they ab-
sorb the solution rapidly. The effect is generallj^ not deep. How-
ever, applied to the gum it is usually sufficient for fitting bands
and crowns or the finishing of fillings at the gingival margin. A
pellet of cotton saturated with a tAventy per cent solution of novo-
cain and packed on the floor of the nasal cavity over the incisor
teeth will many times anesthetize the incisors of the respective side