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REVIEW OF DENTISTRY. 361

" The Chinese in the place, if they want a dentist, generally employ half-
educated countrymen of their own, who have picked up what they know of
dentistry while in the employ of European or American professionals in
China.
" The resident European population (there are very few Americans),
according to the census of 1891, was, in Singapore, exclusive of military, about
2,300; of Chinese, about 122,000, the better class of whom, say a few thousauds
only, may be supposed to patronize a dentist.
" Other Asiatics, ofwhom there are some 50,000 or 60,000, may have some
sort of dentist of their own among them, but there is no special information
to be had on the subject.
" In the Straits Settlements there are no laws regulating the practice of
dentistry, no dental school, and no examinations. Anyone is at liberty to set
up as a dentist.
"The dentists here (the older firms, at all events), are first-class practi-
tioners, and their charges very high. I am, sir,
" Yours faithfully, Lyall,
J.
" Acting United States Consult
Dr. John Rabe, who for several years has been traveling in
those parts of Asia, has kindly informed us that there were (in
May, 1893) m the Straits Settlements the following dentists: In
Singapore, three Americans in two offices, and two or three
Chinese offices; also in Penang two or three Chinese offices, and
in Islangor one Chinese office.

TURKEY (IN ASIA).

Area, 729,170 square miles. Population, 16,133,900.
The modern, educated dentist is scarce in the Turkish posses-
sions in Asia, and it is impossible to get even the approximative
number of dentists to be found scattered and traveling over the
country.
The following letter from the United States Consul at Jerusa-
lem, Dr. Selah Merrill, explains the status of dentistry in that
country, and may, in general, be applied to other parts of the
Turkish possessions in Asia.
"United States Consulate, )
Jerusalem, Syria, November 29, 1892.
\
"Herman Lennmalm, D. D. S., Rockford, 111.
Your letter of November 3
"Dear Sir : is at hand, making inquiries
about dentists in this country. There are none here, and, so far as the natives
are concerned, barbers do the pulling of teeth, and the foreigners usually get