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342 world's history and

course, not to be found. A Norwegian, Dr. Guldberg, has had
a couple of students, who, with his assistance, received a kind of
dental diploma from the medical school, and both of them had
for some time studied medicine. It is at present not possible
for even a native to make a living at the profession alone, and
both of those mentioned practice as physicians also.
As a rule, the natives fear very much to lose their teeth, and,
when necessary, are very desirous to get artificial teeth, but their
paying power is so small that they have to be contented with the
cheapest and simplest work.
The Queen's dentist is a goldsmith by trade.
The only European dentist is a Norwegian by birth.
The prices for dental work are ridiculously low, and, by the
way, the same thing is true regarding the fees to physicians and
charges for medicine.
The missionary societies distribute medicine two days every
week. The charges are usually 4 cents for the medicine and
nothing for the medical treatment. The French physicians distrib-
ute medicine without any cost. Friends' Foreign Mission Associa-
tion has founded a large and excellent hospital, with two physi-
cians, one nurse, etc., and the Norwegian Mission has a smaller
hospital with one physician, one nurse and one lady chemist.
Another Norwegian physician is bishop at the mission, and
instructor in medicine. Those missionary societies are, no doubt,
very beneficial, but they make it almost impossible, if it is re-

membered that they charge almost nothing, for a physician or a
dentist to establish a private practice. Europeans in Antananarivo
consist almost exclusively of Englishmen, Frenchmen and
Norwegians.







MADEIRA.

(PORTUGUESE COLONY.)

Population, 132,000.
Capital, Funchal; population, 18,000.
Through the United States Consul at Funchal, we have ob-
tained the following information from Dr. Azevedo Ramos:
Madeira, as a Portuguese colony, is subject to the laws which
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