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334 world's history and

" The ever active Professor Redard, at Geneva, founded in
1887 a monthly dental organ, The Archives et Revue Swiss d
Odontologie, of course, of a rather pronounced French character.
This journal was changed in 1891, by resolution of the Odonto-

logical Society, into a quarterly organ, with two coordinated
editors for the two principal languages of our land. The French
editor is Professor Redard, of Geneva, and the German Theo.
Frick, D. D. S., of Zurich."

TURKEY (IN EUROPE).

(empire.)
Area, 63,850 square miles. Population, 4,790,000.
Capital, Constantinople; population, 1,000,000.
The dental law in Turkey is the same as that which applies to
the medical profession. That is to say, that any one holding a
foreign diploma must pass an examination before a Board of the
professors of The Imperial School of Medicine, and if successful is
given a certificate authorizing him to practice his profession, be
it medicine or dentistry. This examination must be either in the
French or Turkish language. The certificate can be of the first,
second or third class, but there seems to be no difference in the
rights or privileges of the different classes.
The exact number of dentists in Turkey is very hard to get at,
but that much can be said, that the country is plentifully supplied
with dentists of almost every nationality and of all grades.
There are American, German, French, Italian, Greek, Rouma-
nian, Hungarian, Jewish, Armenian and Russian dentists, and, in
fact, dentists of almost every nationality except the English.
There are no dental societies, schools or journals in Turkey.
Dental Kalender fur Deutschland, Oesterreich-Ungarn und die
Schweiz names thirty dentists in Constantinople, but the num-
ber is doubtless larger.