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18 THE TIGHTENING OF LOOSE TEETH

pins (Fig. 14). These are drawn out and replaced by
gold-wire pins of the same size, extending on both
sides about 2 millimetres. By cutting the solder into
narrow strips, small rings are obtained which should
be placed on the gold wire. On the model the gold
wires are soldered to the retaining-wall, which
should be boiled in dilute sulphuric acid.
Overhanging portions of the pins should be cut off,
finished, and polished.

Fig. 14.
The retaining appliance should be again inserted
in the mouth, and the points where the pins
emerge from the teeth-holes marked with a sharp
excavator.
Take care that the loose teeth are not displaced
by the appliance. Apply, therefore, a tight ligature
from bicuspid to bicuspid before drilling through
the retaining-wall. When removed from the mouth
the pins should be cut off about 1 millimetre beyond
the marked place, and split for about 1'5 millimetres.
Exact splitting is to be attained by marking the