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EXPOSED PULPS. 263
removal. There are different forms of instruments
for this purpose. Some operators employ the untem-
pered, four- sided, barbed broach, thrusting it up into
the canal as far as possible, then twirling it two or
three times around, and thus wrapping the nerve
round the instrument ; when both are drawn away
together. This method always occasions considerable
pain. Others employ simply the three or four-sided
broach, thrusting it through the pulp all the way up
the canal, and thus lacerating it and breaking up its
structure, so, that it may afterward be removed with-
out much pain. Another method, and one which seems
preferable to all others, is as follows : take a very
fine untempered steel wire, round and smooth, not
larger than 34 to 36 of Stub's gauge-plate; flatten
the extreme point, and turn it to an angle of from
thirty to forty degrees place the edge of this against
;
one wall of the canal at the point of exposure of the
pulp press it steadily up the canal, with its edge
;
bearing against the wall, as far as it will go, and then
twirl it suddenly round : thus an excision is effected
near the point of the root, when the pulp with the
instrument may be drawn away together; or, if not
thus removed, it may be caught with some fine point,
and removed with little or no pain. This manner of
introducing the instrument, too, causes less pain than
either of the others; for there are no sharp edges or