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GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS AND PHRASES. 283

the thread forms. They are closely associated with the fermentations, putrefactions
and other decompositions. They incite a number of special diseases in man.
Bell crowned. A tooth in which the mesio-distal diameter of the crown is
much greater than that of the neck.
Bevel. To cut a bevel angle ; to slope the edge or surface of. To deviate or
incline from an angle of 90 degrees, as a surface; to slant. (Webster.) To slope
the outer edge of the surface of the enamel wall of a cavity. See Figure 103, a,
Vol. 2. To grind tlie flat side of the blade of an instrument at an inclination to
form a cutting edge.
BiBEVELED. Having a bevel on two sides of a blade. Bibeveled to a point, as
in drills, for cutting while being rotated.
Bibulous paper. A specially prepared paper used as an absorbent for drying
cavities in teeth.
Bicuspid. A tooth with two cusps. There are eight bicuspids; two on each
side of the upper jaw, and two on each side of the lower jaw. They are named
right and left upper first and second, and right and left lower first and second
bicuspids. They are situated between the cuspids and molars. In the nomenclature
of comparative dental anatomy the bicuspids are called premolars.
Bite. See The Bite.
BoLEY GAUGE. So named after the person who designed it. Originally a watch
maker's gauge. It has been found an especially convenient instrument for the den-
tist to use for all kinds of delicate measurements. It is in the metric system.
Bone corpuscles. The soft cells that persist in bone after calcification.
Border op the alveolar process. The thin edge of the alveolar process sur-
rounding the necks of the teeth.
Broach. A delicate flexible steel instrument for cleaning pulp canals in teeth.
There are several varieties; the barbed broach, smooth broach, spiral broach, etc.
Buccal. Pertaining to the cheek; toward the cheek; next to the cheek, etc.
Buccal cavities. Cavities formed by decay beginning in the buccal surfaces of
the teeth. They include buccal pit cavities and smooth surface, or gingival third
buccal cavities.
Buccal sxtrface. The surface of a tooth next to the cheek.
BuccoGiNGiVAL RIDGE. A prominent ridge near the gingival line on the buccal
surface of the deciduous molars. It is especially prominent on the deciduous first
molars.
Bucco-LINGUAL. From the cheek toward the tongue; as the bueco-Ungual diam-
eter of the crown of a lower first molar.
Bucco-LINGUALLY. A direction from the buccal toward the Ungual.
Bucco-LINGUAL PLANE. A Contraction of axio-buceo-lingual plane.
Calcific. Containing salts of calcium.
Calcification. The act of depositing calcific matter or calcium salts during
growth. The bones and teeth become calcified. Also pathological calcifications
occur in several parts of the body.
Calcification lines op Eitzeus. The accretion lines in the enamel were first
described by Eitzeus. See Lines of Accretion.
Calculus. The calcium salts of the oral secretions deposited upon the exposed
parts of the teeth and parts of roots denuded of their membranes; as, salivary