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8 THE MICRO-ORGANISMS OF THE HUMAN MOUTH.

sarcina : packet-shaped groups, produced by fissation in three
directions (Fig. 1,/).
4. Zoogloea-forms, produced by the gelatinization of the mem-
branes of the accumulated cells, in such a way that the latter
become imbedded in a mass of jelly (Palmella- or Zoogloea-con-
dition. Fig. 1, /, u, v). Where the jelly is very thick and carti-
laginous, the term Ascococcus is applied ; where only the outer
layers of a Zoogloea are gelatinized, the term Clathrocystis.
Threads, or pieces of threads, imbedded in round masses of jelly,
have been named Myconostoc (Fig. 1, /, u).
Pseudo-branching (Cladotlirix) may also be regarded as a
cumulative form (Fig. 1, o).

3. Reproduction of Bacteria.
The reproduction of bacteria takes place in three diftierent
ways: by lissation, in the same manner as seen in the infusoria

Fig 2.
^
^ 8

Proliferation- of Bacteria by FissatiOxV.
a nnd il, Fissation in one direction : b, in two : c, in three directions.
Fig. 3. Fig. 4.

Si'OKE-FoiiMATioN IX Rods and
Threads.
(Afier Zopf.)
Formation of Spores i.\
Bacillus butyricus.
(Fig-. 2), by spores (Figs. 3 and 4),
A, Germination of a spore.
or by the separation of certain
(After Prazinowslii.)
cells from their original cyclus,
and their development into new combinations, morphologically