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BIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE BACTERIA OF THE MOUTH. 89

7. I have found the Jodococcas rnagnus in almost all cases in
which I have particularly searched for it in the secretions of the
mouth.
These bacteria, cultivated in saccharine solutions, bring about
fermentation, accompanied by a strong acid reaction. Experi-
ments undertaken for the purpose of determining their other
physiological characteristics are not yet concluded. Various other
coccus and bacillus kinds are less constant; some of them are
shown in Figs. 33 to 44. Colonies of yeast-fungi may almost
invariably be found on plates inoculated from the human mouth.
I have, however, made no attempt to examine them more closely.
(See Chapter XII.)
W. Vignal (" Recherches sur les microorganismes de la
bouche," Archives dc Physlologie norm, et jxUltoL, 1886, Xo. 8) has
made very extensive and exact experiments upon the bacteria
of the mouth. In his communication, which is accompanied
by very instructive illustrations, he describes seventeen diiferent
kinds of bacteria found in the mouth and obtained by him in pure
culture. Some of these were identical with well-known species,
while others were new to him.
Concerning the frequency with whicli the various bacteria ex-
amined occur in the human mouth, Vignal makes the following
determination, for which, however, he claims only approximate
accuracy. Most frequently of all he found Bacterium termo,
then Bacillus e (Bacillus ulna?) etc., in the following order:
1. Bacterium termo.
2. Bacillus e (Bacillus ulna?).
3. Potato bacillus.
4. Coccus a (o of Miller?).
5. Bacillus b.
6. Bacillus d.
7. Bacillus c (Bacillus alvei ?).
8. Bacillus subtilis.
9. Staphylococcus pyogenes albus.
10. Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus.
11. Bacillus i.
12. Bacillus f.
13. Bacillus j.