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CELLULOID AS A DENTAL BASE. 65

drawn in with a pair of pliers, which will allow it to be
readily removed from the undercut spaces.
The manner of taking the bite and articulating the case,
as well as the arrangement of the teeth, is precisely the
same as has been directed for rubber work; more pains is
taken, however, in carving and modeling.
Carving.—Dr. \\\ ^V. Evans, in the "American System
of Dentistry," writes upon the subject as follow'S : " It is
a very simple performance (carving) if we only study a
little from nature—take a few impressions of natural gums
and teeth in health and in disease, regular and irregular,
with spaces from lost teeth and so on. With models of
this kind before us, and a remembrance of the face of which
we intend to restore the features, the case is not a difficult
one. I use in my own carving three little double-end tools,
represented in Fig. 36, the uses of each of the points of
which I will now explain. Fig. presents a full set of
37
teeth in process of carving, the lower half, shown by B,
having on it the rough wax, as dropped there carelessly
while grinding and adjusting the teeth, the upper denture,
at C, showing where the wax had been cut away from the
teeth in scallops by the straight-bladed knife of carver
No. 2, and roughly shaped up wnth the spoon of the same
instrument. Next is used the smaller spoon-end of No.
I to form the foss?e or depressions lying between the roots,
and the curved knife-blade of the same to go around the
teeth on the palatal surface.
" Having carved the w'ax in this way, forming festoons
or exposing roots, as the case may recjuire, take a spirit
lamp with a small flame and an air-bulb, which is better
than a blow-pipe, and by gently puffing upon the wax
smooth away the rough, irregular projections while re-
taining the larger undulations of the form desired. We
are now^ ready for the tin-foil and stippling. Take a strip
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