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448 HISTORY OF DENTAL SURGERY

February, 1897, when the regents voluntarily withdrew the regents' charter
they had issued.
Since 1865 there have been nineteen incumbent professors—nine of them
served their terms of service prior to 1869.
Of the incumbent professors since 1865 the length of service of five of
them is remarkable: Prof. Faneuil D. Weisse, M. D., 1865 to date; Professor
Frank Abbott, M. D., 1868-97 (deceased)—he had been a clinical lecturer
from 1866 ; Professor Alexander W. Stein, 1868-96 (resigned because of failing
liealtli)—he had been demonstrator of anatomy from 1866 ; Professor F. LeRoy
Satterlee, M. D., Ph. D., 1869, to date; Professor J. Bond Littig, D. D. S.,
1877-1907 (deceased)—he had been connected with the college from 1869.
From 1868-77, four faculty members acted as one man; 1877-95, five stood
as one. This unity and longevity of the professors as such and especially as
members of the board of trustees and directors, by the Act of Incorporation,
proved as before stated, "the pillar of strength and perpetuiti/ of the institu-
tion." Their continuity of service and their unanimity account for the stability
of the institution through the years. It must be said here, that the non-pro-
fessorial trustees and directors always recognized this faculty strength of years
of experience by always seconding the faculty in whatever they suggested to be
done.
Since 1869, prior to the election of Professor J. Bond Littig, D. D. S., to
the chair of Mechanical Dentistry in 1877, C. A. Woodward, D. D. S., occupied
the chair from 1869-73, and C. A. Marvin, D. D. S., filled the chair from
1873-77.
J. Bethune Stein, M. D., succeeded his father in 1896 to date. Alfred R.
Starr, M. D., D. D. S.—who had been Prof. Alibott's assistant for eleven years
^succeeded him in 1897 to date. Ellison Hillyer, D. D. S.—wlio had been
Prof. Littig's assistant for thirteen years—succeeded him in 1907.
The Deans of the faculty have been: Professor Norman W. Kingsley, D.
D. S., 1865-69; Professor Frank Abbott, M. D., 1869-1897: Professor Faneuil
D. Weisse, M. D., 1897 to date.
From 1866-91 a two year course to the degree was required, and since 1891
a three year course has existed.
The length of the college session from 1865-66 to 1895-96 was five months;
from 1896-97 to 1904-05 it was seven and a half months : since 1905-06 it has
been eight months.
Up to the session of 1903-04, inclusive, the didactic instruction by lectures
was given to the entire student bodj'—first, second and thifd-year class-men