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DENTAL MEDICINE.
446
KANDOL,
Kandol is a product formed by the distillation of naphtha, and
is a perfectly clear, colorless fluid, extremely volatile, burns easily,
and has a slight odor of benzine. It can be mixed with a small
quantity of water or alcohol, and its preparation is cheap and
simple. Dr. Njuschkon advocates the use of kandol in the place
of ether or cocaine as a local anaesthetic in the form of spray. In
one minute kandol will reduce the temperature to io° C, and
keep it nearly uniform at that temperature for some time, while
ether reduces the temperature to 17° C. As an effect of the
spray of kandol, the skin becomes very hard and is completely
anaesthetized, and there is no bleeding, or else the blood coagu-
lates as soon as it makes its appearance, so that all operations may
be performed with ease and rapidity.

KRAMERIA.
RHATANY.
Source.—Krameria is obtained from the root of the shrub
krameria triandra, of the natural order Polygalea^ native of Peru.
It is in the form of cylindrical pieces, of the thickness of a quill,
with many branches of a light red color within and crossed by a
reddish-brown bark. The root is without odor, and of an
astringent and somewhat bitter-sweetish taste.
Medical Properties and Action.—Krameria is a powerful astrin-
gent, its medicinal property being due to tannic acid, of which it
contains about forty per cent. There is also present an odorous
principle, wax gum, and a peculiar acid known as krameric acid.
When chewed it imparts a red tinge to the saliva. It imparts its
properties very readily to alcohol, but less so to both cold and
boiling water.
Therapeutic Uses.— Krameria is employed internally for its
astringent and a slightly tonic effect in the treatment of diarrhoea,
dysentery, passive hemorrhages, menorrhagia, leucorrhoea, etc.
Externally, in the form of powder, tincture and infusion, in the
treatment of ozaena, ophthalmia, etc., and as an enema in hemor-
rhoids, fissures of the anus, sore nipples, leucorrhoea, etc., etc.
Dose.—Of powdered krameria, gr. xx to gr. xxx ; of the