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336 DENTAL MEDICINE.

preparing painful cavities for fillings, and setting crowns, and
bridge-work.
Dr. A. I. Welsh recommends the following solution, which
he claims to have used on hypersensitive dentine with marked
success, and which, in preparing cavities in teeth, caused but
little pain : ^i. Chloretone oj4, sulphuric ether 5ij) aquae distill,
q.s. to make i ounce. After standing, this solution being non-
miscible, divided into a solution of chloretone and ether, and a
solution of chloretone and water. The floating ethereal solution
was used with success on sensitive dentine ; the aqueous solution
under the ether layer was injected into the gums for the extrac-
tion of teeth, and in one case nine teeth were extracted with
little pain, and with less risk than when cocaine is used. Dr.
C. E. Klopp suggests a solution of j4 drachm of oil of gaul-
thesia, ^ drachm of pure alcohol, to which i8 grains of chlore-
tone are added ; after the chloretone is dissolved, the mixture is
added to I ounce of distilled water and then filtered to obtain
a clear solution, and claims great success with it in the extraction
of teeth. Some recommend waiting six or seven minutes after
injecting before operating.

CHLORINIUM—CHLORINE.
Symbol.— CI.
Derivation.— Chlorine is a greenish-colored gas, of a penetra-
ting and suffocating odor, very persistent and characteristic. It is
soluble in water, in the proportion of two volumes of the gas to
one of water, and is a supporter of combustion. It is generated
from black oxide of manganese, hydrochloric acid and water, is
an active irritant, and, when breathed, excites cough, a sense of
suffocation and irritation of the mucous membrane of the nos-
trils and bronchial tubes, and, when considerable quantities are
inhaled, it induces spitting of blood, violent pains, and sometimes
death. It is a deodorizer and disinfectant, and has been used to
destrov disease germs and offensive effluvia.
Chlorine Water.— Jqua Chlori— Formula.—HjOiCl— is an
aqueous solution of chlorine, formed bv passing the gas through
water. It is a greenish-yellow liquid, with an astringent taste