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CAUSES AND KKLIEF OF DENTAL PAIN. 13

and injections containing eucaine combined with adrenalin

frequently do very well. Novocains can be obtained
either in the form of tablets to be dissolved in sterilised
water so as to make a 1 to 2 per cent, solution, or as a
2 |mt cent, solution ready prepared for dental use; it is
of the utmost importance thai whatever solution is used

must be freshly prepared and sterile.
For difficult extractions the 2 percent, solution should
be used ; for simple extractions the 1 per cent, solution

is sufficient.
A very satisfactory syringe is that designed by Dr.
Dawson, of Dublin, as it is readily sterilisable, and more-

FlG. I.

over, by reason of its " finger-rings," affords a perfect
command over the barrel and piston.
Procedure. — (1) The patient's mouth should be

thoroughly rinsed with sanitas and water or a perman-

ganate of potash mouth-wash.
2) A swab of cotton-wool soaked in 10 per cent.
novocaine or cocaine (10 per cent.) solution is held by
the patient over the pari to be injected, so as to anaes-

thetise the mucous membrane to the prick of the needle.
The syringe is next warmed and sterilised, and the
needle should be boiled in a small test-tube before use.
(4) If novocaine is used t he syringe should t hen be filled
with 17 minims (1 C.C.) of the 1 or 2 per cent, solution

according to the difficulty of the extraction, and then an