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306 THIRD PERIOD—MODERN TIMES

second time between the seventh and thirteenth years. He also cites
from the anatomical tables of Kulmus the following epitaph in low Latin,
that seems to allude to a case of third dentition:
"Decanus in Kirchberg, sine dente canus, ut anus
Interum dentescit, ter juvenescit, hie requiescit."
In cases of hemorrhage ensuing on the extraction of teeth, the best
hemostatic, according to Pfaff, is essence of turpentine, a remedy which
in these cases he had always found efficient. He introduced a little ball
of lint bathed in this essence as deeply as possible into the alveolus, apply-
ing upon it some blotting paper reduced to pulp or some dry lint that the
patient compressed tightly by closing his teeth.
Gingival abscesses as well as hstulae ot the maxillary region almost
always owe their origin, says Pfaff, to decayed teeth, and can, therefore,
in general, not be cured except by the extraction of these teeth.
The prosthetic methods described by this author are, for the most part,
identical with those of Fauchard and the other French dentists already
mentioned. As to the materials used for prosthesis at different periods,
PfafF mentions, besides ivory, bone, hippopotamus tusk, teeth of sea cow,
and human teeth, also teeth made of silver, of mother of pearl, and
even of copper enamelled.
The chief merit one must concede to Philip Pfaff is that of having been
the first to make use of plaster models. It is, therefore, to two Germans
^Pfaff and Purmann, the latter who, as we have already seen, used wax
models—that one of the greatest progressive movements in dental pros-
thesis is indebted, that is, the method of taking casts and making models,
of which method one finds no trace whatever in the authors of antiquity,
and which, it would appear, was not known even to Fauchard himself.
The wax casts of an entire jaw were taken by PfafF in two pieces, one of the
right half of the jaw, and the other of the left; which were then reunited,
and one thus avoided spoiling the cast in removing it from the mouth.
Another great merit of Philip PfafF is that of having first carried out
the capping of an exposed dental pulp, previous to stopping a tooth.
Notwithstanding this, PfafF is not the first who, as Geist-Jacobi is
inclined to believe,^ had dared to apply a filling over an exposed denial
pulp iv/tliout first caiiteriznig it. As we have already seen, Fauchard did
not hesitate in the least to fill a tooth when the dental pulp had become
exposed in scraping the carious cavity. But the French dentist carried
out, with much delicacy, a simple filling, whilst PfafF first capped the
dental nerve.
Jacob Christian Schaffer. In 1757 the evangelical pastor, Ch.
J.
SchafFer (we do not know if he was at the same time a dentist, or merely an

' Geist-Jacobi, p. 164.