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THE EIGHTEENTH CENTLRV 257
trismus, this author altoj^etluT rt'iccts the torcihlc oiH-iunn ot the |a\vs
h\ means of screw dilators and such hke instruments, as the\ act too
violenth', and, according to him, onl\ aggra\ate the morhid c(jncUtion.
Kven the extraction of a tooth is useless in such cases, as the patient
can always absorb a certain (]uantit\' of liquid food through the closed
teeth. On the other hand, the author expresses himself in favor of the
incision of the g-ums in cases of difficult dentition. Accordinji to him,
con\ ulsions and the other nervous s\ iiiptoms w hich children are subject to
during the period of dentition depend wholh on the hardness and strained
condition of the gum. It is, therefore, natural that the symptoms should
disappear when an incision of the gums, reaching to the tooth that is
coming through, has caused the tension to cease.
The author speaks ver\' particularly of the treatment of epulis and
parulis; but his views on this subject contain nothing of great importance.
Rene Jacques Croissant de Garengeot (1688 to 1759), the cele-
brated French surgeon, speaks very little of dental surger\' in his works.
He declares himself averse to the carrying out of too many operations
on the teeth, and especially disapproves the use of the file, because, ac-
cording to him, it ruins the enamel.^ For a long time, especially in France,
Garengeot was believed to have been the inventor ot the ke\ known b\
his name; but he merely perfected this instrument. In fact, through a
later author, Lecluse, it clearly results that the key existed before Garen-
geot. "For extracting," writes Lecluse, "one may make use of the pelican
that Garengeot has constructed on the English key." In a note, he after-
ward adds, " that the P^nglish key is an instrument used by dentists in
England." How^ever, it is not in the least certain that the key is really
an instrument of English origin.
Loder, who wrote at the end of the eighteenth century, informs us that
the so-called English key was called the German ke}- in England; it is,
therefore, not improbable, that this instrument, as some maintain, had
Its origin in Germany.
JoHANN Junker (1679 to 1759), professor of medicine at the Universit}-
of Halle, wrote on dental maladies, not onl\- in a treatise on surgery, pub-
1 72 1, but also in three dissertations w^hich were published some
lished in
time later, and w^ere entitled respectively: De affecuhus dentiuyn (1740),
De dentttione difficili (1745), De odontalgia (1746). The author, however,
for the most part, only repeats things already known; his writings have,
therefore, little or no importance for us. He counsels the Cowper-Drake
operation in treating the affections o'i Highmore's antrum; in carrying
out the operation, however, he thinks the extraction of the second molar
' Sprengel, op. cir., vol. ii, p. ^ji i.
-Joseph Lindtrtr, Handhiicli der Zaliiihtilkiiiulc, vol. ii, p. I2g.
17
THE EIGHTEENTH CENTLRV 257
trismus, this author altoj^etluT rt'iccts the torcihlc oiH-iunn ot the |a\vs
h\ means of screw dilators and such hke instruments, as the\ act too
violenth', and, according to him, onl\ aggra\ate the morhid c(jncUtion.
Kven the extraction of a tooth is useless in such cases, as the patient
can always absorb a certain (]uantit\' of liquid food through the closed
teeth. On the other hand, the author expresses himself in favor of the
incision of the g-ums in cases of difficult dentition. Accordinji to him,
con\ ulsions and the other nervous s\ iiiptoms w hich children are subject to
during the period of dentition depend wholh on the hardness and strained
condition of the gum. It is, therefore, natural that the symptoms should
disappear when an incision of the gums, reaching to the tooth that is
coming through, has caused the tension to cease.
The author speaks ver\' particularly of the treatment of epulis and
parulis; but his views on this subject contain nothing of great importance.
Rene Jacques Croissant de Garengeot (1688 to 1759), the cele-
brated French surgeon, speaks very little of dental surger\' in his works.
He declares himself averse to the carrying out of too many operations
on the teeth, and especially disapproves the use of the file, because, ac-
cording to him, it ruins the enamel.^ For a long time, especially in France,
Garengeot was believed to have been the inventor ot the ke\ known b\
his name; but he merely perfected this instrument. In fact, through a
later author, Lecluse, it clearly results that the key existed before Garen-
geot. "For extracting," writes Lecluse, "one may make use of the pelican
that Garengeot has constructed on the English key." In a note, he after-
ward adds, " that the P^nglish key is an instrument used by dentists in
England." How^ever, it is not in the least certain that the key is really
an instrument of English origin.
Loder, who wrote at the end of the eighteenth century, informs us that
the so-called English key was called the German ke}- in England; it is,
therefore, not improbable, that this instrument, as some maintain, had
Its origin in Germany.
JoHANN Junker (1679 to 1759), professor of medicine at the Universit}-
of Halle, wrote on dental maladies, not onl\- in a treatise on surgery, pub-
1 72 1, but also in three dissertations w^hich were published some
lished in
time later, and w^ere entitled respectively: De affecuhus dentiuyn (1740),
De dentttione difficili (1745), De odontalgia (1746). The author, however,
for the most part, only repeats things already known; his writings have,
therefore, little or no importance for us. He counsels the Cowper-Drake
operation in treating the affections o'i Highmore's antrum; in carrying
out the operation, however, he thinks the extraction of the second molar
' Sprengel, op. cir., vol. ii, p. ^ji i.
-Joseph Lindtrtr, Handhiicli der Zaliiihtilkiiiulc, vol. ii, p. I2g.
17
